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ӣҪྲȴͬ˳һʧ֮󣬰ڣ
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Ųƿڴ
죬ѱ˵Ļ꣡
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ܹٲݹĻҾͲôˡǣҺͶķԹˡͬķʽͬңҲЩֻаտõķӦ
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˵
֪ôصᷢǸϣҾͲչ˹ˡǣµ޷ʱ䵹ģȥ˼ҪαǸӣҳ
ƽѯʽ̵ʦǡ
һΣλøͰ֮䷢𣿡



ʵգȴڻƻʱͻȻܲϻǿꡣ
һôݶһƽһڵϣ˯Ĺ⡣

͵ʱ򣬰еѧͯ˵γɹùָġ˵ˣҲй֮طĴš
˵֮󣬰ȫѧͯѹͰյ鵱³ķѧܡй©ȥ֪ʵĻһһЩɰѰպ͹ӿ³ķޱޱȥġΪ˲鷢ϣҷıѧĻޣ
ЩԺѧͯȫվ̵ʦҲվҰַǰġ
һʳõһܵһαͬǱĸоסԼ֣ѧͯҲԼͷո˵ȫȡ
Ȼͽձе̵ʦȥʱ򣬰ȴ֪Աһ塣һȫʵ
˵ܳԵߵȨܹ޵İնǶԴ˵ǾشĴڡ
մûԼܺ͹˳ͨ£Ȼ塣
ǰ˵Զڰеظܵ仰˼ˡҪѧǷıعܣҲҪա

հָϡ
ģ롣
޳Զ߾͸ԲһǱܰˡ޷˽ʲôΪʲôҪ¸Ȩһ
Ǹȫĸסչ˶ߵ˵ҪľǶԴӵвɶҡҳġļٵ˿̸ڰ۵סǸĵΪϡĸĶ˵
һ
游һΪ˴󹫶ߵġĸǱ뷨չ˶ߣͲųʹѻˮ˰ɣ
ĸ׶ԶߵĸоǲǸԼԹĸоһأǲҲϣҰҰܹҰһأ
ջذִƿʪҹϢӹա
ܷʲô飬ն᳹뷨ŲǴΪȨҪʲôпΣգҲ޷ҡյ
޹淶дʲôվԲùȳҰ޸ˮҲԲΪչ˹ġ
Ȼû԰ĸ׵£ǸԼ뷨Ȼ¶ı壬˼ʲôǴӦˡ
һ˲䣬һֱúʲô˵İϣȻѾȥĸ׵Ӱӣʵðվúܲ˼顣

ǿ紵ᣬ৵شǽϡ
ǱЩŵ˰ɣ⾪ѹһ߷µĽһվȻҡҡλεߵդԱߣͷĥդ
ղ˼վִդ쳤ֱ۸աһ޵ëˡ
۾ϵطĽԼĥ䰬յ֡
ĸӿ
ϣԼһ壬úñ⡭ӵµĹ⡣

4

Ѹٵسɳÿ춼ðշı仯
жܲġļԡ٣ҲŹ£ֻҪղڣͻڷһ߷һߵܣѰҰյӰðʵû취׼ҵ
³ķѧûжľ֧ѧͯѣѧͯһûͨ͵뿪ѧᡣͥɵĻǿиһķãѧͯѧһ꣬ǰղûдԼô
Լ죬æϿҵĽȣվȵǶķҲæ
ķԼġҵҲüޣӦûæ˲ŶԣǾ䡰Һ㡱ƺǼٻǴµı氬ϿΡ
òװļԡ֮ļڱˡ
˸չǺڽţʱ֮⣬ѧͯǶԻؼҡѧͯ˵ܹĺͼ˼ʱ䣬ǳҪְæļݹũҼҳǣҲڴǻ
֪ڼԻؼҵʱи˵ȥԼ뷨ǣѾָԼζԴԼأһ뵽һ㣬վ᲻
ңǵ¡ѹиչ˵Ļܾͻᱻ˴ˡ
󣬰ֻдһŸԼдһⳤţᵽѧ£ûд⡪Ϊվһӿʹ²ˡ
ղŸԼ̶ֱ̼£Ȼ˹ͬȴңԶξһ㣬ðվúܲ˼飬Ҳꡣ
Ȼ᲻úͰշֿǻصңԶĹȥʹ֪˵ط꣬ջǾķյģоܼį
ķԵһͨˡҵõҽʸ˵쿪ʼڿ³ķһ꣬һ߰æҰޣһ˼·ȡһѧͯȨʸھᵣν̵ʦϰķŵı˵Ҳῼ·

ٵѧʮְ³ķߵɺˬʢʱ֣ǻƵĲ˸оȡɨʱðպ䤱
ʱѿҵ֮󣬰ÿһͻȥҹ⣬ֱҹ뿪ĸӡ梵ܵദģʽ֮£ͻȻһǳҪ¡
ǾǡƺܹⰬյĻȻථٷ֮⣬ǺʵģöһЩ
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ڰջûɨʱ򣬹Ҫܽᣬǰձ
Խรһûɨ꣡
һ˲䣬ſͣ½Ų
տԿſڣҿԼߣȴûн˼վӦòöԻǼӺɨȵɨ֮ͷһڵ˵
ˣԽˡ
һ˸߲ҵ
Ƥϰյĺ󾱡ô룬ղŵж˾öյĻ
ϸһ룬Ҳʲô˼¡СȴҲõܹʵҲûʲôôСֵġ
ͻȻǰĿð˷ܵȫ顣
޾أܽٵԺͶ̹⣬˵ܹܶأ
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ʼ֮󣬰սֹٶԶȹˣҲжˡ
ˣᾲؿŰ£Ҽģ¡
ͺڴ뷨ʱᾭı顢һƺҲ۲찬յı顢
ںĸ޵ȹʱ䣬ѧ֮˵ĸ׵ĶӦǷǳҪİɡע⵽һͬʱҲܵصΡ
Ҹõĸ𣿡
յ󣬰ȥҰıյĻ
֮󣬰ı
ԭѽ
һ߳°ͣһ߳Ĭһ̧۾Űա
գ㵣ĵҪ㵱˹ĸףѧ޵ʽ͹ֻͨǵúɵķ𣿡
ǵġȥѧҵĻҲѧ޵Եġ
иְ˵ĿЦ
գ㲻õ
סΪʲô
վȵطʡ
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վԼؿڱصһǡ
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Լ뿪£Լϵ£ȫǵˡ
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ˮӿ֣ӣĬĬؿˡ

·󲻾ãռĸԼţҲ벻ʽ˻
ʱ֣ιϵʱһԱ߰գ˵ʦϵ̵ʦȥ
ոϽϴ̵֣ʦȥȻվſڵȴŵʱ򣬴ӽ̵ʦ洫Եüȵͳɳƣðһ˲仹Ϊǲǰ
ȥ֮󣬰һֱŰա۾ȧǶġ
գ
˹ȥӰ칫ϵһһŷ⣬ա
ŷúɫĶּдŰյ֣ļļǶɡЩֵ˲䣬һӹյؿڡ
òָŷ⣬ֽóһԾһ˲䣬յͷԾˣܶ˼Σ־޷Դ
ϣҸɡԼಡ
ֻڰյԺи֣վֻ۾ɨֶѡ
ڰŴԼʱŷԼġ
ҿԿ𣿡
յͷѸٵؿš
ü̵ѽֻд޶ȵݡǸ䵭Ķӡ
̾һץסյļ
Ҫ
ɳʱ򣬰ղ֪Լʵ
ԼԼڰյи֡
ҲԼˡ
ԭԼ⣬һģԭϣԼһҵ֮ԼܳģԭǸʱԼ˵ллҼؼңܹҾúҸ
ЩҪĻȫûԼԼڰʲôû˵ʱ򣬾뿪ˡ
˫סʼޡ
ƹ칫߽յİĶ§סաڰտǰһֱ§
ˡԼ˵һҸรĽٿˡ
طſ֮󣬰˰ڰ칫ϵĴտ
㿴Լ㡣
ڿɫֽеģǹȥԼĹó͵͵Ķ鼮
Լķ񡭡㲻𣿡
û취شֻǰѶͷЩϣ

ԼĶɥ֮󣬾ͰѼ򵥵ĸšᵽ鼮ĸպͰ
˵ӦòͷԲ£֮ŮɣͿԸܵȥĻܻῴڰһЩ£ǰղټǸӡ
ղҪԼ֮ļ໤ˣѾСŮˡ
뿪ѧ֮ǰջҪʳס⡣ҵ֮һΪܹһĴ˰ɣ

һ濴ŻƻգһźԼһȹ졣
Լʵˡ뷨ȻġԼŶߣƯǸطʱûбκ˷ֶôȥҲǺȻġԼǸ󻵵Ļ޷ڵԼŶôҵ
ԼЦڰյи֣ʱĺҸЩӾյ䱦һ㣬޿ȡ
ԺȥɽϵļСݣԱߵƬɣ
ԼϲƬ˵ɣ
ԼԼжлжʲôӡΪʲôĴ˰ɣԼЦ˵Ŭมķʽɣ
ںյĳƶӵɫȺɫ֮ǰһֱڲԭϡ

5

ȥѧͯǻϿεʱ򣬹Ҳʼëˡ
˳ë·ʼйëΪֵëĸ߷ڣȫǽ̥ëģ͸һƲһ
ѽӿÿม
òһô󺰡
ô˵ҲǸ߹㡣޵ʱںܳ˵ȫ޵ëҪϺüʱ䣬ٹһӣȵ̥ë֮ӦþͻɱȽƯɾŮˡ
һ˵꣬üë߸ߵ
Ůĸ𣿡
šǰӲ֪ġ
޿ʼëжԱʱˡ˰жϵķԺ󣬰ղȷ˹ĸģʱķǳж
ҽҩ侭Ķķ˵
ŮûǸƲŮ
ǺЦˡ
ƲŮݷʽһ
ȷʵЦ͡
̫
ŰնԹ˵
ҪǡƯԺ޼ëɣ⡣
֪ǲðڶԼ˵ٿ̧ͷŰաȻһú๾һ߿ʼɦ塣ëʱ򣬹Ȼǻɣ̥ëڿз衣
ǹĻˢӰë
ķ˵
มҮ
˵꣬漴תֿ⡪ΪΪõˢ̫Сˣõˢӿܾɵó
ˢӻʱ򣬶ķԾؿ
ʲô
ʲôʲôôŮ˽Ʋأ
һоĶķһһ泯Źȥһ߷ĵһſѾúܴĳ¡̥ëҲͬʱڿз裬Ʈյɵֱס
ۡ⣬һ㡣
ȻУ򣬵ͷĥ䰬յļ
ǲš
žȵıС˵
޾Ȼô׽ֱ͸èһ
ķͷ
ġ

հõˢӷڹıǰζ
ҪëҪԹԵม
ⲻ̫ˢӵζˢ̥ëʱͻطžúɣ
̫õˢĻɵûһأҵһרõˢӲС
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˼ʱ䶼ûУݾͲ˰յĶͼͷ
ͬǯ̵Ƶȶ磬սǵˣڲݵϹѪӣǰݼȾѪ
ڻҵ˼У뵽һ¡
ķڵϥϣתԱĶķ󺰣
ҪԴѣ
ҪóѵĶķŵͣס֡
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⿪ʼʧˣѪĳζͰյģĶ
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Ȼô룬ǿֱ۵ڲݵϵѪ֮󣬰ȴ˵ӿ죬ǰҡҡλεġ
ʼˣԴвڽƵġ۾ǰɫĹâ亹ҲͣתŹ⣬ʼ̤ŲȵĲͶķķȥ
ããȻؿդҰԽԽģˡ
ܵȥ
ȥĻͻŵ⡣ŽŲš
ΪͶķסԼһ˲䣬漴ҲŰ

۾ʱ򣬰ջ֪ԼΪʲôޱؿ컨塣
͸Ӵ˽ߵĶͼʹŶʹתиߡ
ѹı飬յļȫˡ
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տŵͷĳҭҵѡ
̾һ
ҲдȻô㡣Ѿӽˣ㻹ǲҪϵĽӴȽϺá
յɴ۾Ű
ҲҪ
Űա
ҲҪҪеǲСûж⣬ֻҪ¶ʹǶ̶̵ʱ䣬㶼пܱҧϲӡ
ͷϷƶķΧҡҡͷ
ҡ֪ҡԡᡭ١ˡ
Ϊֹͣʣͬʱô˵
ǡҸ־Ļ̫͡ˡҡĸף֮ǰ롭ҡߡ
üͷĬע˰һţε˵
ѽҪϱһԸ뷨ӽ⣬һģȫ˾ݽȥĴˡεż⣬ûз£Բ˺ԼԹ˵ԼǺرĴڡǲôã
յͻȻŤ״ƽĿ˵
ȷʵԹ˵ͬĸһĴڡǡҰ޾Ұޡ
ͻȻж˶Իһ
Ȼƣ˫ۿŰգ
ѽ֪ҰΪʲôҰ𣿡
ûȰջش𣬰˵
Ұ޻ҰޣΪҰޱԼǿǸܵõԷĵλԼߡҰ˵ҪľǷֱ˭ǿ˭ߡѧɣȺӵҰǻĴСλҪǿߡҰ޵ϿᷨСĺ޷ӸĸõʳᱻǿƵϳ⣬ǱɱСĹҰ޷ԼĺģԼĵ̶޷ػѽһһĹϵУж˭ĵλȽϸߣҰ˵Ȼ¡
ִӻͳѣڰǰҡҡ
ʹɣǰСΨһܶӵѹҰޣչԼĵλǸһȵĶร
Ѷڰյؿڣ˵
ԼɹĸףҪúùܽȫ㣬޵ʱ֪ĵλߡȻĻȵɳ޵ʱһ޷Ƶ״ġ
иֺͨڵâ
еﹲͨĸ鲢ǡǡ־塯μסʵҪǳ֮УеĴͻᱻɱζʧȥ˿ǺܺõĽѵһ룬侲ԵѧϰҰ֮еľ룬Լദʽ
֣ޱʰѡ
ôһӣȻ̧۾Űݳѡ
ĬؿŰգҲĬؿŰ
̾һƵ˵
ȻˣȰдðɣ
дϾˣҲ޴ΪµĽܵΪԲǽ̵ʦĴдøҡ
仰֮󣬰ŭ뿪˷䡣

ΪͷϲŽадģȵܹʱдһ顣Ҫд˭ֻΪ˽Լ뷨Ϊֿɼľ¸ദʱɥ
һͼ˺ѵ˲䣬վ;һˡҪǸϲӻǸ
ð˵վѾĵ׾ÿˣһξùֲܿȻʹˣ޷ѹܽ
ˣգ֮仹кܴĸҵģǧһ㡣
һ߻ԼѵԼһд顣
ƢѱĸǶ죬оǼһ󧵽Ϊʹжȣʱȥӽܻܿˡ౻󧵽鲻ãҲԲɱһԼܺõСǲôġ
Ұ֮ȷʵкܴĸңԼϰߣǻ᲻Сĺʵȥ۷䣬۷ε˿ھһӡǡղðĻġﹲͨĸֻп־壬ǲܵģΪ⴫ݸĸůˡ
վԲ߹ⱩǲԵģļɽ⡣

԰齻ǰд꣬дռ˵֮󣬷ŽЬ
û˵ԼǷ飬ûֹ˿Ȭİȥ


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Ǹǳߵˡ
оδ󹫵ѾԶʱֻҪһ𴫽ĸϢ˯ͳٳٲá
ҹʱ̣ڵͥ԰ɢȻͬҹĻԱһ߿űסɫƲʣһɢ˼·ȰҲȽܿ
⼸һֱ̾ͷ
һǲ˶ߴƽԭļ壬ǰֻһС壬ȴ˲̳һٸǿǽһֱƵƵַصĹ磬Ҳ֤ݡ
ڴ֮ǰ߲Ӹӽǡֻ߲ӵڶߵ٣һս࣬㲻ȫߣǱ㿪ʼӴ󹫳֮ļ
ôصĳӲ
ϵһ
ΪʲôֻǱվڹĵһأ
Դ˵ǵΪ˱ѪǣǣΪҪɱۻҰķӡʽݱΪԹ
Ĳ³԰ɱİϷÿд̿ϮͻǡǡʱһãͻΪ̵ܹĶѭ취ֹĻûδˡ
ǾǶѭ˴ֹʽĸܵڸص˺һҪ²С
һֱԾεĸףƺҪǿӲֶνеšϷǳײΪһѵ˽ΪȹֵܵĽҪȡǸΪġȻȴø׵뷨ش
ǲǳԡθı뷨еĽһϵ뷨͸һڴﵽĿĵķ
׵޷õĽ
˵ȨûʵݣȴûȨѾԼܹˡ
ҪǸ֪ϵ뷨һ󺰣ƣ
ûÿ˶ôðɣȻ˵صһҲôΪĶҳϡ᳹ۻʹǴ󹫸е̬ȵĵܵŬһҲطʥȨΪġ
ǣֻҪɹֻҪƻεļȨ˲
֪ԼܼҳҲԼΪһüҳǵһһǿһ죬̬ݱ޷⿿ػľ档
ǸʱܴܲȥҪʹܲŽˡ
ˮرͣ½Ų̧ͷ
ķֻһ
Ҫΰϵ⴫ǸˡǸҲͬأϷǳ˼⡣
ȥ¶ģűԼ⣬ǶԷĻشȴʮ䵭ȻȻķӦ취ı֡Ȼ޷δ
һ壬ȴǷɵ顣



ڴ󹫾ӳǵͥ԰ʱҮС·ϡ
ǰɱ¼һҮоһֱһɻ󣬲Ҳϵ׷ࡣ
ʱĴ̿ǡѪۻࡱĳԱ
˵ףѪۻࡱһ޷ȷʵֵļšһ˴ǵŶ԰ɱĻ
ҮĻȷ£ǺһΪ˺͡ѪۻࡱȫͬĿĶƻɱ
Үо˵Ϣ漴ںüʽһӰӽ
¹ϡֵ֮Ү顣Үɳȥ̽ĸڿҮ֮̾һ
ôʲô𣿡
µͷ
ĿǰǲǸǼֱӹϵһһ˺Ǻйصʱһ¡
Ϊ˵ֿϮ߹⼸Ұѵڻܸߣ˲Σտʼռѡ
ۻҰޣǴ󹫣ԽЩǼǴ񣬲⼸֮꣬Ҳ˺Ϲϵˡ
صĺӹȺﶼҰߣ˱߶ĻҰģҲʲô˼£Ϊ˷ѣͱʹĶ̽Ӵڸǣߵ֮У˺Үɵ
𣿡
Ү˵
ǺӦǲܸ߳ϹϵģԷҪߵĻǳµͻᷢ
ллˡȻԫ̵ʱ֮ڷ飬ͼɲǸ˵жɣҪԷǲǲֻѣͼʲôطߡ



ÿյŮĸƵĿʱǻῪʼ
ΪΨһŮŵԶˣеŮģĵĶܵǵĻɣǰССĿ֮һֽš
ǱűľװŵĿøŵġ
ŵķʱѿĵݸһ԰׵˵ԭί
ĳݼٵϣ󹫵ĳϾȻһܵȥ
ı˵˽ӰɱΣнȳԼڷѵķ
촽ʧȥѪɫ΢΢ѹ˵
ϴ˵ū޷⣬Ҫūɱū澿ܶò࣬ϴ˵ȷʵū澾ǽ˵ѷĻӦûʮŭɣǣū˵Ҫľ˺Ŵ˵
СС۾ɢâ
ӲжˣǱϾˣһܷĴ̿͡ūū澺ܺһλ˻ᡭ
ץסֱۡ
ˣ˽ˡ
ŵҲһѪɫҲûС
ǣǲܵġҲΪʲô˵ֻأ
ԼѪͨ˲һԶ֮ɽ֮ǴʥѪΪѪʸΪꡣڼ̳ѪŮ˵ҪĹάѪʥԡ
;˾˻Ǳֵܽ飬ҲΪػѪʥԡֻҪûм̳ʥѪ˽飬ͻӰѪʥԣԷǹҲһ
Ǹ˵ˡ
ֻһɹŮ
յŵʱŸܵ޿ɱҸ뷨ͷҧ촽ǿ̲ʡʹ̶΢ǺԹ԰Լ
ŶͶĿ⡣
Ҷ飬ǣˡУ鴫ȥĻĻˡǧκˡ
㯵ش𣺡

һ쵽ѾˣȻ֮Ҳûֹŵĵģÿſֵĵʱǻ᲻ػ˵Ļ
Ѳ赹ɵĲ豭ʱ⴫Ӳ
Ŵˣȥ𣿡
ʰͷһͷһţžͱһ˽
ŵϴŷζӦǸմʲôطɣ
õζ
Ǵշˬķ硣ÿſŵʱ򣬶оζȻ⡢ˬʣȴ̺ܰ˴֮صĿ־塣
װţ𣿡
¶΢ЦӷϡϽѲ͵յһߡһüëͷ֮ٴذӷϡ
˾ˣʲôһʲôֵĶɣ
һ˵꣬ž¶ı顣
ֵĶʲôʱֶ㰡㿴ɣ
򿪸֮󣬴ֱ
ſ֮󣬲ɵõһ
һ
ɭְΧլںͥԺӿԼסӦþģɣһľģ͡
Լһţص˴һۡ
˾һֱҵСӡ
ͻȻŵաݷëһᴥʽ
Ҫǰ㵱СͲˣǳ˲Ż͵ľϸƷֶܹ˶ô츳Ӧÿ˽ɣ
ŵú;һּֿߴӴƿþ˾ֻ֪һŬ򶨵
˽⡣
ִŵָ֣ģľļˡݷʼɦȫӲ
ĸоܰɡִɭֵľһҲָоɣ
һŴŵһ߶Ҳǿɦĸо



³ķѧĵĸˡ
ãΧڿ³ķߵرԵɭ־ͻȾϽɫԶŷŵɽɽ⸲ϰѩʱԱȵɫʸϢ
ֻܿϧǸߵص첢֮Ͽĺ֮١
ǿЮѩŷŵɽɽѩͣλɽϱߵĿ³ķߵصѩ࣬ѩɷɽͷķȴô̹ǡ
˶ʱ򣬿³ķҲѩѧᶼḲһ㱡ѩ
ףǲҰޣԾ϶ѩֻҪʣǻǻһŰɫϢһ澫صͷȥ
ʱ򣬹ѾΪһֻ̬ȳƵƯˡ
ëɫκ˿˶̲ס̾
ޱﶼûëɫôƯ
Ľ̵ʦǾԽ̵ʦϰķô˵ǻʵëɫ
ëĹʱǻǰ˵Ұ޵ëɫΪյĲͬ仯ͬ˵ġϦǽɫġڳֻᷢɫĹԡ
ͷϵʲôͬôһ룬Ҫر㸡ϰԺΪҪĲ
ֻҪһʲô޾ͻᱻѽԴӰտʼչ˹֮ûٱѿƹҲûкˮ
ùҰһҫ۵ԭĻ
Ϊʲô޹淶лⶩ޵ëɫչ˷أ
ǰһֱнеɻ޹淶֮йȻĳͼ
Ǹ˵ľ᲻ͼйأ
ǰѰҰ޵ʱɽһ߸ˣģ˵Ļûиκˣһֱ
˵Ұʱоȵԭ򣬾ǰǸ˿ܺͰйϵ
۲˰֮󣬰ɡյΪ֮󣬰ȷʵԼԣֻǼ̳֮Ѫͳѣ֪һֱصĽɡ֮ĽɵĻͲܰѹ޹淶нųˡ

֪ޱĽ̵ʦ֮ϴͬƮɭƵĻɫ·ĸ߸˵ҪѰҰޡ
еһ޾ͱ֮ˡ
Ϊ޲ܽĻΣա
ָ޵ˣǲԹ۲Ұ޵ġ
Ϊʲôô֮ش
Ϊô飬һ޵ˣһһҰޣͻ¿µѡ
㲻ţ֪㲻֪顣סҵľ档Ҳϣ˺ĪĿֲѰɣ

ֱڣǵǸ˫ɫͫףеʱΧԼ˵ɭ֣ɢкͳʪ̦޺ζ
ϣΪĪ֮ԤԶı⣬Ǹʱܵı־ȴֲС֮ԶĳطԼһֱôã֮ͲȥѰҰˡ
ֻǿҰްˣʲôΣյģΪػǵĽ𣿻УֺʲôĹ
ĳһ׸޵Լ֪ģðúܷŭ͵͵ػʲô̬ȣܲˡֻ֪֮жϣ֪࣬ǲҪжϡ
˭ҪԼأ
˵֮ӦòҪǣ˵޹淶дġӵĻչ޵ģ
Ҳ𰸵İƵʱߡʲôɡ淶İգش˹涨Ŀ
ŹͰϷʱܵһǿҵĲ
ѹҰޣᷢʲôأ
⽥Ϊͱȫͬˡ
ȥĻᷢʲôΣյǸ֮˲ϣԼҰޡµΣѾʲôأ
֪ԼðΪΪ뿴ΣաĿȻҲԼĺĻðվ
ԼӦðе鶼߰աЩҲһΪ֮ĸıչ˹ķʽϾǸΪ˺͹ӴϧдŮ
ֻ֮ľ棬ԼųӰʵء
һ쿪򣬰յӰ͸Сˡ
һֱעǸû˿־ؿڵŮӰ

2

٣³ķߵҲðվɡ
͹һȹյһֱһʡ˭ʶһЦ֮Ц˸е֣˰û˵
Խ˽⣬վԽΪ޵ĸ߶ȴϻ۸е
ſĲ֡
һ֮󣬰վһֱⲻҪñ˷ֵһ֣ȻڵһĴʱ⼸ѾȫöյĻˡ
ˣͬҰĽмϸʽı仯Ưʹ˰ԴġԡձԼ˼
һʼ԰˵ǡץַǳ򵥵ġʹˣýϵġﱳҪհæץö˲䣬վȵ޷
ϲ֮ǰ˼Ŀ־ӿ
ս̹򡢽ŵ岿λķҲ̹ʹҡץķǣմûаЩʹø
ⲻģ°˵ĻÿǸԼڣ˼
Ҳ̶ֳȵԣʱҲԼ˼ǶԼԭĽͶϳĽġ
ⲻֻΪս̹Ĺϵʹáڲ֪ѧϸֽ︴ӵ˼Ⱜշ壬дµĻ
նԹ˵ͻͬҰĽӦ֪ӺʱʼѾȻȻˡ
ջԼǲǴһȲɿš
۷ܹȻķ䳲֯ļ޷ﵽġҰﶼӵ˾硣
ǣղòùѾҰҰޡˡ
ǡ
Ұ޶ϸֽжԻأ
Ļ˼ģʽͻʮֽӽˣ֮ǰ񡪡Ϊʲôౣ޵⼸û˸޶Իأ
ղؾĳΪɵġ
֪֮ÿջعͷȥ޹淶ʱд淶ĵһʵ֪޵֮£ƶֹ淶÷ֹܸ޶Ի˳֡
һ˲䣬ͷ
ͼҿܾõˡ
ղΪʲôֹǺ޶ԻǣһֽɣԼ͹˵鴫ĻôأԼ֮⣬ͼԼİѧˣһ⵽ɣ
ðշǳ¡Ե͹˵ʱ򣬶ǳСģⱻ˷֡
ȣڱǰԹ˵Ĵٵ͹Ի㱻ԷҲ˼ȻΪ˾ñ˿͸ٶԻģպ͹ദʱ򣬶ܵѧԶɭְǺӹȡ
ǣñ˿ľٶпĹעⷽ൱䡣
ֻҪ٣ܸܵһַصĽѸС

ÿ춼ܡ
Ҹ㲻һҿǾѩܱม
űԹĻȴװûĽŲϰѩԭϡǳϲӹȣԶû̵ĺӹʯˮôȹ졣
۰գȻƤﳤѥëƤףȻֻҪѩдʱһãǻȫ͸ˡѩý¾ٲżѩͣ½Ų滺ͱʹ
ֻҪһͣԼǰߵĹҲԹԵͣ
ÿտ·ڵȸĸСһͣ½ŲĹ⣬ͻῪʼ˼Ұ޾ʲôʱ
Ѿһֻȫĳˡһ˵Ұ޶ڳ֮ҵԼ򣬿ǹȴȫûбֳҪ뿪յӡ
ΪǱĹϵҲ˵ͱޱëɫͽȽϽӽҰޣǲɣҲûΪ˷ַ֢ܺ״
ҵ֮󡭡
ȥѰҰޡҪʱع۲Ұޣǵ̬кβͬ
Ϊڱҵ֮󲻻͹ֿյڰ֮еġҵԡ֮еõһڿ³ķʸСȻ˵Ϊ飬㰬ûпһҲջϣԲر˿յʽѧᡣ
ձЩһ飬ѩԭϣѩԭ£ɭҲųˡΪ㣬ԱǱɭͨԵ֦˿СߵضϱһƬҶ֣Ҷ־Ӷ࣬Լʹ컹ǳ⣬Ҳûлѩ
ɭԺ󣬷Ƽ˾ůʱѩ֦ͷ֮⣬ûСһ߾ظɭֵζһ߸ڹĺ棬źӹȥ
ӹλһ൱͵µײ컹пµȥʯϵĻѩӦöˣҪµӱȥʵڲ̫ܡ
ϲĵطǴʯƽ̨֪ǲΪõĹϵﲢûлѩ͹ʯҲܵ磬ȷʵǸʵĵط
վʹŵĹ˫֮䣬һŵһ§ŰգðվůҪǰĻһɴ۾ŭɣͻ޵ʱѾ¶ˣҲ˽ⰬյǺ˵ġ
ů֮󣬰ձӻͳ飬ʼĶ
ӹĸ˹ı飬ԡ¡
Ǹܺóԡ
ΪͻȻڡ˵ð̧ͷ
ĸ
Ǹ
հת⿴ĵط㿴һֻշ衣ǵȷһ̵ֻ
Ӧúܺó԰ɣץม
Ϊʲô
ֲɡ
ĺ˹
ɣ
հջػ쿪˫ĶĶ
ȻſҲžžĸտûз
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̾һ
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塣
Ҫȥˣ㲻ҪҶรʹҲ԰˦
մץŹëıʱб壬ðձȽϺ
ĺ󱳴аյÿһıվͻĪؾԼһֻˡ
𣿡
ڹĲӸһëǵŵġհץʱĽ
Ȼ䣬յҡһ¡
ԭΪǹҡ̾ͷˡ
𣡡
ľʼҡΣѩĴʯƽ̨ҲĦǰմδĴ
Ϊ˱վ˽Ų쿪򡣰սץסĲӣ˼ر۾
һµ֮ʯƽ̨ˡڰջеʱ򣬹µʯͷˡ
֪˲жϻǱʹһɲǣչ˳ʯƽ̨
屻ĞյͷҲǿҵķ紵ˡ
·ļƶšȫ㲻״İҪ۾δϵķʵ̫ǿˣ޷
΢΢۾ʱǰֻһƬա
⿴ü㣬ü磬˼֪óĸܿ硣
ÿģÿģÿġ
һ淢õһڹзš
ϵİչҪץסѾþûˡһ뵽Լ·û½أվ;úµȫӸӿֻһֱǿԼҪ롣
ݵشߡڰΪѶͼ̧ͷʱ򣬷漴ӭҪϵ΢һ㣬ͻᱻ紵ߡոϽڹĲϣһЩһбź󱳵ĸо
ʹҪ紵ߵĸоʧˣȵĺ仹ðܲˡΪͬһķ͵ıϡֽʧȥ֪Ҳ޷۾
⡭⣡
ݴİմ󺰣
ȥ⣬㣡Һ䣡
ڷϲеĹһֱϻӦգڰܲͣ£ڿʼˡ
ڷѩԭչ򣬵Ľŵʱտظܵ
ֺ͹ëֿ֮󣬱ӹıϻ䵽棬кһ޷
Ӳסİգⷢ˵ĵĽţΪСҰȡůһ㣬Сӣȫסյ塣
ʹůˣյĲͣ˫ַߣǲϵزš

ôܣ
ոץסĲӣ΢ƶһ忴·ȴһ
ڷɣڿзɣ
ӹȿϸϸһߡѩɭֺԭҰԡչ⣬쵽ҰңԶ˶ȥ
ϲҲաͷųеݷҪһǿӶϷɡ
ȵòƽϢ֮󣬰վȫµʧˡάŷſյ״̬ݷ̥㹭ӣʱڹůĸ·
ӹĸ·֮󣬰ջѩԭ϶ŷһһֱԼ˵Ļûȥֱٻ̧۾Ϲʱڻָ
ÿģÿģÿġ
۾ʻĹâȸԾ鴫ݸգðҲ¶Ц
أ
۽ǷȣҲա
ҷˣҷˣ
ͷոУȻϲõĽȻֹͣ
ôˣ
ⲱӸëһֱɭΧţĺʼ˰մû
տ⿴ŵĵطʲôûڽʲôأ
Ȼڰյɴ۾ۿʱԼԭһֱΪӰĶͻȻ˵ģŵվ
һ¡ӺܸߵվӰ¿
Ϊ֪ѾԼĹϵɣ˿ʼ˹
һ߷ĦһҪƵģëվǰ
˲û¶µӣȻӽ۾պڻɫͷӰð޷塣߱ߴӻͳĳߡ
մһ
У
ڰմ󺰳ͬʱҲѡ
Ľݷ𱻴һ㣬ά¶΢ſƽˡǴӵԱ߾Ƶ߹ߣվڰǰ
ڣտԿ˵ˣһԼʮˡͷӰ·ɫ۾Ĺâ
Ȼô񣬾ͲܸˡŮɣ
մؿˣ
лҪ˵ϣܸҵƬɭľܼĵط޲Ž

3֮Ĵ

ͬʱͻȻһڹȥξ֮ео
ǰ֮ǺĸͬˣҺĸ׵¡˵ĸ׵ˡ
վԼҪˡ֪ԼѩϣҰҲʼҡ
һɭȥѩԭȫĵط֮˱ͣ½Ųعͷ
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طۡ
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Ц˵֮󣬰ػָı顣
Բܳ桭Ǹעǽ鹫Ժķչ㶮ɣ
յͷ

⻳е鴫֮󣬾ͬ˵һµɼļףף͡
³ķޱһԾµǮҲӣ̵ʦǺѧͯȫֲ֧Ϊݹ⻳ͣ͵Ĳ˶һѧͯЦøˡ
׸޻еϢصãϾ֮ǰģͼɱǸеĴ󹫳ΪвȻϢֻҪһ𣬾ͻ˵ʲô¼ĺͷ
޻һ¸е˷ܵģˡ



޵Ļڴ೤࣮ܶ
ڹĶӵı仯ñȽԵʱ򣬰úһμӡҵԡ
ڹ飬һֱʱ䣬ʱҲǱ飬Եһʱ̧ͷŰһӣҲ
ʼعƣѧǵ֮Ͻ̨ǶڼݷһΣоԼ·ѳΪ³ķѧ̵ʦ֤齻֮󣬰յϲ֮ΪֽŵĴжӿ
ϲ㣬úܺá
սסʼ촽ЦŶԼô˵İͷ
ʱļʽĹʳڣȫˣͬһ㣬ϵشľ

ǲϲúͼįļڡ
Ϊ˳ͨҵԡѧͯȫ뿪ѧᣬ̤ϸԵó̡
ص統ҽ˫׺ǼУдϣؼҵΡǸԶ붼еɽ֮УһҽûУڽҲһ
ҿǴڴõأ
ЦţȵʱȴŰմޣⱲӶƵġϲŭɫİʲô˵ڣֻһֱᣬǰնʱѹ̵öࡣһ뵽޷ǰһվ;Լؿںһ󶴣ķ粻ϵشǸ󶴴
ӵǰӭļˣǰȴûһܹԵһҵһ¸еġļҳһȥûðվ˵ˡ
ҪԼ廹ţһЦݵؽӵԼɣҪھĻ̲סô롣

֮󣬿³ķͻȻ
շ·˻Ƶģįѹ˺һӣڽǳæµݼįڰձ׷ܵʱ򣬽ȡʧˡ
Ϊûһ̵ʦչ˹޵ľ飬û취ǵ֪ʶðվúܲҳΪĩеġῼԡ׼֮⣬󣬻һԽ̵ʦ̵ֽѧͯȫ¹ŰգҲΪŻôæµ
ԴʽΪ̵ʦһ𣬰վһֱѹڲϡѧͯȫĽ̵ʦ
ֻΪ⣬԰նѵӹ½ڲ࣬ǿġȻۼİע⵽飬ʲôû˵Ĭ˰յΪ

ʼʱڽŵĺ˿³ķʹÿ궼ʱӭӺǵ٣ѧͯӭԽ̵ʦӭѧͯĸоȫͬġ
ֻҪһ뵽Щǳ۵ʮ꺢УԼǽ̵ʦվ;üȺֽһֲ˼ĸо
ոĿγǽڳѧͯҰޡ
һվϽ̨һһʵգӴ͸ڵ˴Ӱӡ
ʮѧͯȫֱͦˣĿתؿԼ
ڰΪǶ˽̵ʦһһڽڵһÿεʱŵüˣ侲һ֮󣬰ղŷѧͯ˵ҲǵһÿΡһֻΪǳţһֱԼġ
ҡǸͲ֪ǲ˽̵ʦһǰѰտһλͨĽ̵ʦɣǼʹˣ˵̵ʦĺ߸оǾþòɢ
ոеǳ⣬û̺ӵĹȻô졢мֵ
ȻûӪյ˵֣ǵԼѧĶԼȤ鵱̸ߺǵʱ򣬺ȫ²ţ֮⡣
ͨʱڷѧͯ˵ս̵ʦڿϰԼСʱǣҾ档ʱĿĵ
ϣܹܵļܹϣܹΪѧϰ˷ܵطһվϽ̨ʱеĿڰյѿˡ
Ȼһ棬Ҳԡ̡е־塣
ԼѧϰʱֻҪ˼ͺˡԼ뷨ȷֻҪ֮ȷûʵ֤ɣȷĻҲֻҪĹͺˡ
ǣ̺ǵʱһ˵ȷ֪ʶǾͷļɣ
ʱջ᲻ز˼Լڽ̸ǵĶǲʵģ
ڵ֪ʶԶֻǵʱʵѡ
ո߰ԼеĿʱô˵
һֱΪʵ֪ʶΪ˵·ֶǵ֪ʶҲϸ¡ҪѺһ㡣õĽ̵ʦǺ㯵Ľ̵ʦΪܹߺ㯵ͬʱҲҪѧϰĽ̵ʦõĽ̵ʦร
Ϊ˽̵ʦӾôѸٷţȵĽŲӽʱҪ˹չ˺ڿεĹðվԽԽˡ
˯߲ԽԽأɫܲǱڹԤǸ£ʱѰյĽ̵ʦĽ̵ʦ
ڹҪʱ򣬰ռд춼ȹĳһϣջȥѧỻ·ʱ򣬳͵ѧͯôʳ߳
ս̵ʦ
߿Ľðһͣ½Ųѧͯ漴Χס
ޱѾ𣿡
ղɵ¶΢Ц
ûҪȵůһʱŻĶѾúܴร
ǵ۾⡣
뿴รιս̵ʦǲܿ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ܿϧǲܿǵһλУԺҲȶһɣ
СͻȻץס˰յ֡
ս̵ʦܸ˵𣿡
վúĳĶԼؿڣݵسĬһ
һԵĺӿյı֮󣬸Ͻס͡
ѧ˵˵𣿡
ס͵ҡҡͷԵĺӡ
ǡ
հַǸ׼ػϣȻָǰ
ְ
Ƶİ̧ͷԼĺʱԽԽԼܺ޹ͨѾܼˡ
ͶѧͯһѧܹûرֵڣѾ漣ˡȻ漣ǲܳóȥģͺˮӶ･һһҲᴫȥ
Һ͹ȷܹͨһЩ¡
նԺ˵
Ϊӹ⻹СʱҾһֱһԲŽѧġǴҲߣΪǣܶҲĸ״ѧ˵ûܸ˵ԲԸˡܷ𣿡
ǲüͷǵͷͬˡ
ǵıʱոоܲܵӿܲԶˡңôȷġ


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1Ѳ

Ѳ³ķޱӣͶڹĺӶʱĳ֮ʮա

δ뿪˵ҪѲ³ķʱһƬȻ
Ȼ˵ŮŹֶӴҲͬرʾ뿪Էɱж˵ı뷨ȻȴȫΪ
뿴ĺӣֱӰͺˡڴŵⷬ˵ʣ˵Լ뿴ĲǱϵͥԺޡ
侲ĵ˵ǷǳԾڴ֮ǰûܰɱΣգҲΪˣûпԼͳεҪ󷴶ԵøݾܾԵҲˡ
ҿʼ۳Ѳʱľΰţⶨƻ
³ķߵλھһ·̵ĵطĿǰѾȥ̵;Կ³ķߵһΪصĹ幫סһҶΪʻ費̫Ƶĸߵص·Ը൱ĸ
ȥ̾û취ˡϾ·ôسǲǴŵĳſ³ķбȽϺأ
ṩȥס޵Ŀ³ķô顣
ǣͻδĿ𣿶Ҳܲȫ
ڴ󳼵Ļ³ķҡҡͷ
³ķӵĴˮҲзΣգ˼ҪĳȥʱҲԴȡΪ費Ƶ·ϣĸˡ³ķǿǵ壬뻹ǴȽϺá
ʵʹһΣĽͬ³ķԣҶȷϴȷʵɶˡ
Ӳ·һֵԱоһֵԱ𱣻ŹоҮ

뿪ɭֵһгĵĸоҶζƮڸĿ֮С
ȴѲվ·ߣߵʲôط׻һ˻ƽµسſ³ķߵǰ
һϰߴ;УԵ˿³ķĹʱʮƣۣڽĵĿϢ֮ڸϱָԪ

ԭ֮Ůһ㷢
طˬ
ƲŻķƮԭС֮æԥȥ裬ԭϴŻɫͰɫĻҡҷ
Ȼһ³ķѧᣬһӰ
ѽ
૵˵
ϾɵĽأû뵽ôªĽ
ڵֶӴſЦ
ΪΪ޶ȹޱλޱĽɶˡ

Ǽ主ûʵޱ飬ȴˡҽúúÿǷ÷С
¶΢Ц
ⷬһ˵ƶ˰ɣ
Ү΢ǰһĵطǰͬʱעܵ
ߵصΧ˺ܶطʵ̫ˣ̿п֪ɱð䡣Үһֱάָ߶ȵľ״̬Χİȫ

Խ̵ʦΪף³ķѧѧͯԱȫΪһƵʽװŵӭ
ųһеʮѧͯ˷ܵغճӭĸҲЦŸ衣
ӭ֮Ľ̵ʦǰ÷ǳн̵ʦ緶ľ׼ô˶Ѳ˵ĸм֮⡣
̵ʦʼᡣ
ܺõԵʣȫڷɹ̫һߴդ⿴ǣһ۾
ѽǿأʵӣݵӦҲůͰɣ
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ۣҮҲڣ̫ɰˣ
ΪеĹϵԱߵҲææؿԭ
ȷʵֻޣССǽűߡ
Զ֣ӲͿ𣿡
üͷͷŰ
ΪʲôȷŽ
ʵ£ҪǱĻͻһֱҪʱײǽڵˣ²ŻὫǷų
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ԭˡ˵ûеԶأѵר￴ޣܲҿһأ
ҡҡͷ
˵֪ͬǲ׽Ұޣԡ
˵һ룬žͳԴϡ
ʲôϵֻ΢ӽһѣ޲ܶʲôµģҪĳʲô״Ѱ
ҮŵĻðһ˲Ӱ
ȴӰķӦ̿Ү
Ը㷭դ΢һ㣬ӦҲ޷ɣҮ¡
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ҼѵһԴǲǾȷʵƷޣ
Ĳ鲻Ըصͷ
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Ү˳ǵ߷򿴹ȥ֮Ŀͣһ߸ӵŮϡ
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Үе⣬ΪûиоӺ֮⣬Ү㽫עŻطˡ
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ǣһ˱㾲뿪ˣֻ²ٵŮһԭء

2ŵջ

һΪдرõʳеغȲ衢õģһ濪ĵغͰ̸˵Ц
ƺǳϲλƤֲڣʮĽ̵ʦǲֻŷ£ѧͯĽѧľӪѯʣֱʱֶϯ
Үһغ˱һľ룬עֳĶԲÿᵽǸȶŮʱͻѻת޹ؽҪϡ
⻹ҵһοƽǾڱʹ𣿡
ðĬƬ̡ţݷڽ˼Ƶģ֧֧ػش
ġ⡭ǴСһֱǸŮģֻҪٵͻ侲
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ҪֱǸŮ
һ˵꣬һ񣬻ش
ǳǸ˼ǸŮðˣǶԲԵǰ
һߺдľƣһһԵ˵ĶԻ
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٣ԼʮӣʱȥˣԾûл
Ӵǵɫʱ¶΢Ц
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ΪļĹϵץסŮֱۡŮŵ̧ͷڿ֮ǰȿޡ
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ʼι¬֮󣬹һ߷ĽһŰյıݷ˵ֵˡ

ǾĬؿ⾰
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ΪˡǰҹֵشչŰԨȳġԣŻ޲һ׽ɣ
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ʱ״һҲҰɣھȻѾָ⸱ģˡ

ܹҪ˵顣
·Ϊ˸ıһ㣬ÿʵ˵
ҷǳϣչޡûʹѣ԰ɣܺãҲֵӡܹڲʹֵӵ״̬°Ļ⡣
ʱ򣬰պͰϸֵı飬ǵܷȴõǹĺһ
ôˣ㲻Ը뿪𣿡
ðȻعգգۡ
ǵġΪ˵µļҡ
ôش֮һƽ
¬С²ϣг;ọ́ԵĻϣܼס
¶źı顣
ţҲǿ㣬㻹ǿǿɣȻǴţҲϲ㡣ҷǳϣ㸺չǡΪûѣðһһذѹ󣬹ŻСɣϣַܹʽ³ҪǷȫ޵Ļ֪жأҳģ֪𣿡
һϹ
ǵġµҡ

һ뿪֮󣬿³ķȫ¶ƣ顣̵ʦǺܹƽ£ǰһ뵽뷨;û
Ѿǧ򽻴㲻׼ġ
ȵ̵ʦһȥسա
ǳǸ
յǸ֮󣬰̾һ
Ҷ顭Ҳܵ¬ǸʱҲһ亹
ץޱ¬Сˡ˵Ҫһʱ򣬽̵ʦȫܵģ¬С޷ܱѽĸɡ
ԣղŻѴ֮ǰܲ
˵治˼أ
üͷС˵
ѵ֪޹淶𣿻ʵ֪ǰ˵Щأ
һ˵šҲѡʱı飬һ˵
أ
ѽ
ͷ
̫𣿻޹淶֮Уûǲڡ
ղô룬̬ȷʵǸ֮ȫûҪ޽ڽ֮е˼
֮ܶҪֳ޵ĻǾ͵˼һ½ôˡǸֶƺҲõ㡣
һ뵽ţվƤ

뿪İ칫ңصԼķ֮󣬰ʵϢ
вԼ龰ϵڰյԺи֣ÿζеŭɶ
Ǹʱ򣬰շǳ¡ûбӸԲŻŵöãðòˡ
ʱ򣬰վͻǼܵ¡ҪܸһĵĻվͿ԰ѻԼһΪ죬һࡣ
ӦڹĴﵣҽҸɣ˵ԼУҪڹԳ׸ңһ
մŴ⡣
ļįڰĵɢӺܾǰѾϰ߹¶ĸоû뵽ָоڲ֪ˡ
ԼӳڴϵĵӰʱջǡ
˼ǣӡ˲ҲǴţǾվǱ
Ӱ֮ԻڰУΪǹɶصʰɣǸΧŹ¶ķΧͺ˵Ķɭһ
˵ҲһཀྵӲı飬ԶվھȺһĵط
ԼΪƣԼ嵲ļ
ǾأҲŵ˵Ķơ֪ʱɥ

˰ɣտںҹҡҷ֦һֱڴߡ

3Ϯ

ԡڳĵ£ѧͯǴػš
վ˳չ֮Сɽ𣬿ԿŸߵĿ³ķӡɽϪɭ֡ɴӵģɼ
ŵĽ̵ֱĴӳǰֵĽֵչ֮Կõĵط֮󣬾ʧڹɭˡ
Ϊ˿뿪ŵֵôѧͯȻ˵̵ʦǶۼչ֮Ըϲõʯϸź
һ׼úȫԶˣӾȻڴֵʱ֪ͨҡ
￴ĻɸĲΪеĽ̵ʦ˵Ӧô˭ۿŲôǾ޽еĻᣬԴҶװû
ҲͶķһʯ죬ȴô֡ĵůʯ˺ߡ
ˣ
Զۿѧͯһ֮󣬴ȫվ
ȷʵмҴӷº͹âݷһĺԶʻͷҷôһݶĴ󴬣ݶװεĽ⡣
ѧͯǷˡมĻ
ôʻ֧ĻʱԶۿѧͯͻȻͰ͵˵
ǡʲôǡʲô
һԵѧͯͷ
ʲô˵
ʹͷѧͯûзԶĳ
кüɵĶ֧ƯˣǵıϱŹ
ѧͯһƬȻ̵ʦҲ̽ӣַڶͷϡ
޷ԷϱŹȷʵźɵĶһһɭ֧Ưϡ
ʲôĵ£̸ܵһ౻סĳС
ߣ
ǶߡսʿŶߣ͵͵˵ô󷽽ӽһĿȻ
ڹˣ
ԶۿѧͯɳƵʱҲʼܡķںҪȥոûջش
һ¡
仰ڰյ˴ת
ǲ£Ҫ˵ĻͻһʰǣȥĻǸͻᱻҧ
Ƿ⾰ǰظ֣ӿ˰ձܵĽŲ
ճڲԭˣĹ󺰣
⣡
Ȼ̧ͷű㳯յķıܹԭ
ܹ֮󣬰˵
ҷɡ
תӡ
ݷеĹ⾰һ㣬պʵУֻҵƶ壬Ϲĺ󱳣ȻץסĲſȥ˹ߵʱҲûУֻץŹɡ
ɣ
նԹĽش
ɣ
͵͵һ˲䣬Ѿշˡ
ļڰյ·Ծſĳһա
ȥǱߡ
֫н˹壬Լƶ߹ⷽ򣬹ϾͶˡб򣬳ұת䡣
ɹۼչ֮ϵʱ΢ľûȥǡ
սʿĶѾֱôĺˡ
Ŷߵսʿļͬһôϣᴩ˼װϵǡ
վڼװϵҲŬӦս
վڴβżڶ߱ϵսʿҲ类ײȥһ
Ȼʹսʿˮ޷ֹߵĹơ
ͷĴڶߵײ·ˣϵȫտǱ˺ӡ
߿ʼĴʱǣôȻб
ᷭ
ɷŵôĳһߴбˮԽԽԿˮĴԱץŴ
տڴβֶ¹εбĴϷɱȥ˺ԥػӵ˴ӵգбôҲΪҡΡ
㷭ôػָԭӣҡηȼ֮ǰкüֻ߿ʼײ
һֻײƴԵĶżװʼŴձƽ
ϴĹһԾպͶ֮䡣
̧ƵĲӣſʹҪˣһ˲䣬˽ش̽߲ҽŵҲڼװϡ
ȥ
ڰմ֮ǰѾ½ˡոоļͬһ㽩Ӳ
ڴ֮䣬ûпߣߵһɲǣ̽ս״̬ⲻ˭ģǶǿӶùë
һ߿ĵڶߺХķ硣
ⳤطǰĸ
ƺڵļһ̣µĶȫֹͣ˶һ˲䣬Ƿ·𷭹Ĵһ㣬ʼŰ׶ǵ¡
ڶ߱ϵʿȫ˶ߵĵ汳ŵ
Ӷߵıϵװսʿվ֮ŹŹż
ղ˼ر۾
ֱ߳ŹɹĸȻȴļⵯ˻ȥ棬ûжԹ˺սʿ״֮ȵŴͣűŻŵشӼװˡ
عߣצ˺ǵ塣
߸ζѪĽζǻðվ÷θ۾ʲôˣǽץŹ⣬Ѿƣˡ
˺ѡҧ鶷ߵһֱš
ǼװϵǣǴǽ˶Ĵ̽ӵĴţȫעűŮڳ顢ɱ¾޷ֿĶߡ

ɱеĶԺ󣬹ŻƵĳŰ߷ȥڰߵĲݵϻ䡣
յ岻ͣá
ڹΪϴȥڶϵĶѪҺܽǳ̲ʱջǽץı
ÿͷؿʱյͻ֮ƶ
մؿϵĶѪҺʱՐSȻ÷θӹıϻǳ̲Ż¡
ߵҺݷ͹һ㣬ӹɢˮϡԼؿڵĶͨͨصˮ֮󣬹ѱӴսˮϵţȻҺɫͷԵ
չǳ̲ãȻؿŹ⣬ȫûԼʪˡ
һӰյĵ״Ƿ·ԼбƵĺսסͼƽϢ޷ֹͣ
۾ŻѪޣסزš

ȻںеںͬɣǸһֱظغһ֡
кóһʱ䣬ʹĺڰնֻңԶȻĳһ˲䣬һͻȻ壬ڻعˡ
һƬǽ塣
򡢴ԱǵͶߵʬسȥڹ˺ȻмԭεĶʬΪĹϵӰ֮󣬱㿨
ͷСǳַ״̬ǰߣô͸ղһںϡҴϣÿ˶غͬ֡
ûжֵôҡҡλεسźӴƯȥ
վ
һϢд˻ĻҪΪΪˣôС
سëĹȥ

4

չ֮ϵĽ̵ʦǿӱ޵ظȥ֪ͨ³ķȵǴŵֵĸۿڳۡ˳µֳִʱѾǷϮ¼󳬹һ٣ԼһСʱ֮ˡ
ڴ֮ǰսйæĴϵô˳ƶٰѴߡ
ϼװ壬ʼֹѪҲŹȥѧҩǾֹѪȡ
˺·Ϊֱ۱䴩ֹѪʱһлӴմ˳
ˣһ㣡
ӴӴ̽ͷ
ʹô˵ջûж´Ѫ˲ܣֹѪӳץסյֱۣ
Ҳǽһˣ
״ҲǱѰӵǽһ󶴣ֱͨװ塣ײʱ򣬴Ӧöǽײ˰ɣŮٺǵĵ׵Ķףȫѡ
ë̺ϡϺѪɫ΢΢۾ա
ԱߵĴҲǲ԰ͣð´ֱۿúܳԭѾˡ
ƽµŮɫҰ׵ٺ
Թ֮ɫĴ˿˵
ߡײʱǽڡصײϡԭҪ
հߣ΢Ϣ˰յա
һİץţƤͫסȷͫ׵ĴСԼͫ׶ԹķӦ֮󣬰ձƤʰͷ
Ӵգ˵ڽܣһԵŮ˵
˼ҰǸù𣿡
ŮٸϽ˹ŻûӾлָɣøյʱֻǲסزš
ڲͷ£ذͷ֮䣬ȻתŮ˵
ΣգԲƶͷ鷳άš
ѵڵϵĸϥ̺֮󣬰վż״ɴ۾
㲻𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ֻôࡣչ֮ϵĽ̵ʦӦûĺҩƷ
ץס̧ͷŮٵļٴζ̵
ԲҪƶȻעûںֻҪʲô仯ҡ
Ůٵͷ԰׵ɫðеĲ£Ǳ쿴
㻹ûʲôطʹ
ŮپȵؿŰաţ¶ǳǳ΢Цҡҡͷ
лл㣬û¡
ջͷվںӡ
Ŵ˵ļѾˣæҴ𣿡
ӵͷ
Ϊ˾ȱ£űǽײġ
ڴԱ߹£ܿĿ⡣
ͷײ𣿡
šе¡
ȷͫ׵״̬֮󣬰С˵
Ӧ𵴣ȵҽʱһҪ߶Էͷܵײ
֪ˡ
տӡ
ûʲôԹ̶ӵĶأֽ֮ĶҲԡ
һ֪ػŴաղŮʰ˵ڵϵ鼮ݸ
ô
ܿԡ
հ鼮õŵĲԱ߱һ£鼮ĳȴŵŵļͶ֮䡣հ鼮ܹ֧ž׵״Ůٵݸĺͷ̶
ŵĲ֮󣬰նŮ˵
ֱ۽ӻȥʱ򣬻ɾҵʹҪǴҧͷˣûʲôôҧŵĲأ
ԣ¶˿Ц
صȥʲôˣӴɣ
ҧס֮󣬴Ŷ԰¶һ΢Ц
յͷ
ǳллѹͷӻԭλʱӦûʹֻҪ˳ӻȥ֮ͻˣһ¡
΢ɿӣ˵
Ȼ򣬵ǵʶɲǡʧҲ㣬ͷֱһ֮ɣ
ղɵЦ˳
Ǿ鷳ҡ
ӴӴűεسס壬˫ץסŵ⡣
ѾʵĻͷӻȥǷǳķ¡žʹĴͷ󺹣Ҳ䤱òװѹͷӻؼ֮кһӴҶû취˵
ŷſҧŵӣһڳ
ǲšʹȻˡ
һŮٴͰҵ޲̶ŵֱۣһ˵
ҪƶֱۡСҪǸҽ˵ͷײร
Űա
֪ˣлҵľˡ
յͷ
ˡ
վ֮󣬻Ŵա赹ŮҲͷˣƺûʲô˵ˣװ˵Ʋǵ֮
ԴžϹ֮󣬰ձȥʱ򣬴С˵
û취Ϊʲôͻʹ֮ط
ͣ½ŲŴš
Ҳ֪ʲôط
ضŰտȻʲôû˵˫۾ȴĹâ

߳յĵ£ײ˴Ӽװ߽ˡ
ǸҮǿҵѪˮͶߵζһӭղ˼ض㿪
µ״ô
Үõͳ꣬Ҳѹش
ºȫܵصײڻûָʶͷҲܵǿײҺܵģֻůúþ
Үŵͷ
Ҽ絽ָȫѪȻѾ˰ˣѪǲͣشָ䡣
պȻǸһֱ漴һ
Ǳߵҧ𣿡
ҮͷԼ֡
ţֻǵҧˡ˿ں룬ֻҪѹžû˰ɣ
յһӰطҮѪ߰ߵӼ˿ڡȻ̧ͷҮ
ߵжϦҶҩⶾĻֻ־ͻᱨˡ
Үüͷû·ڿű˵ֱһ㣬Լֱۡ
һ£ȥϦҩ
ô˵֮󣬰ձ뿪գȻҮȴץס֡
ȥҵĲǴơ
ձصؿҮҮޱ顣
յͷϼװ壬üѪ˵һֱֻ۵ҪԡȷʵҮ˵ûӦȰֹѪ
Үһ߽գվ˴ŷŭ
ô£Үûƴ󹫵뷨𣿡
ûҮĻش

ڰֹѪʱҮӴ˳ʼﲿֹѪȻֻһֻ֣ĶǺ䡣
ſ³ķӵĴӽʱѾߵĽˡ
ȵտԷֱվڼװϵǵʱձͬĿ³ķ̵ʦ˵
дϦҩ𣿡
̵ʦȫſͣ
ˣֻҩͽıƷѣΪûôࡣ˱ҧ𣿡
ԡ󲿷ֵܵĶǼ˺ͱߵݺƬĸˣײ͹ۡµ屻ձײͷҲܵشѾʧȥʶˡ
ϵɧ
ǿ˼װϵ˻иʬѾˣǸ޷֪жôҡ
նҮ˵
ҽйһѧϦҩ
Үͷ
ˡҩֱȥ³ķĹݣһ鷳³ķĴæ͡ǳսһ׼˵ڶ޷
ô˵ԺҮѹ˵
㲻üҪ³ķݵʱ򣬼ǵ
վȵؿҮ˼ǽаվҪñ˿ޱϷģ
á
յͷ

Ϊ˵ȥյôӱˮ嵽ߵĶʬԱ߾һ뿴ߵʬ壬ǻӳ밬յС
ߵı֮󣬰պȻüͷ
ߵıûиۡ´帡Ժ˲䣬̸еһ⡣
ôܣ
ղ˼ػعͷŴϵҮ
ø
һվͲòԼΪʲôԴ󹫵Ķô˽ˡ
ճëĹȥ
⿴˰֮ʣ
ɣ
յͷ
ɰɣ
ǳݷԼӺܾǰһֱôһ
ȵǸĺ󱳣漴徢ʮطա

շѸٱСͬʱҮг㯡
ǵֳ걸ʽͲӦ޺ǸŮ뿪ҪǴ󹫻еڶսʣ޼һ˲⵽
ΪʲôԼǸŮ뿪أΪʲôԼϣǸŮ뿪طأ
ҮԼԸŮ³ķĹʱ˵Ļ۾
ʹ֪ԼʲôѡʲôǲԼġ



ԼӦѾϰŹշ˰ɣڰѾܲһηʱֿ־ˡ
ΪհڹĲϵĹϵĺ䶯ȫƵش˹
żջžž󣬺ָױҧڰ˼⾿ʲôʱͻȻ뵽ˣǹͷѿĶƬ
ҧסߵһ˲䣬·ƵƵҧƬڰյĶѡ
ȻؿʹƤҲϱʹܵһݵá
ݷһ㱻ҧʱΪŨҵѪζϣоѹԵǿʱͻȻԼú£ͬʱҲֿС
ձ۾ڹĲϡڹ⿪ʼ½֮ǰһֱάƣ˫ۡ

⽵ڷϵİ¬ʱſϵëȻʼ
ⷢοһԸֹͣУϵëԾɵš
մӹı֮ص̧ͷŹ⡣
൱ƽݷղŵ¼һ⸱ƽðվĪؿ־塣
ĻվͿԸʲô塢ָôˡ
ǹⲻˣܰôҲ޷ۣδǱڿ־塢µľС
ҰޣԲ˼
Լһ仰ùաɱ˶ߡȫŰյжһ׽ͻù˵Ľһ㣬Ϊʹ
Լѹ⵱ʹһ£͵ڸ˺ܶʵ

¬߷߿˹ƵƵԼ¬սر۾
һǲܺ_׽Ұ޲С
Լں޻Ӵ๵ͨϲУѱ޵ʵʵǣ浽һص£ʱİѾ˽ˡ˫סӣѾúˮϴˣȴѪζ

ѧĺţ߽΢Ľ֮СͿߵȿһȫİĵطѧͯǵǰԼ˵ǵңԶ
ӦȥͨԼ°ɣ첽˹
ŭɶվڰǰ棬ǵյıʱеŭͼˡ
û°ɣ
ããȻؿץԼֵİ
û¡
ԼشңԶ
ı鿴ɲûµӣֱ͸һ
ҡҡͷ
ҡû¡˱ҧˣҵøϿϦҩ͹ȥС
ͷͰһҩķ
Ҵ̨Ͽŵ״ˡƽ°ɣ
ҡͷ
յǽײͷܵػʶ״̬
üͷ
ǡֻǵ𵴾ͺˡ
ҿͫףӦû­ڳѪĿǰûС
ͷܵػĻû̳­ڳѪ״Ҳп᳤ܻʱѪݱ䵽Σĵزǣղ˵ִùͷĻ
Ѿ³ķҽͬˣרҽƵĽ̵ʦҲһˣֻܽˡ

һҩæռϦҶһ߿˰յĲüΣҪ˵ʲôʲôû˵
װûзֵӣרĵؼҶӡ
շǳԼжأǲȥԡ
г˿ĸϦҶڷڵˮ﷭
յ۾ϸϸҶӣ˼ȴתͣϵѰɣüôɡһһ֡
ֻҪһеľͻӣԼҽڡ
ǣʲôڶû취ĵ׵ĺڰǸڰƽسʵ
ԼһȲܿšڣջüְŹϡǾôȥĻ֮޷Լ˰ɣ
ҩ֭Ҷ˳Ŀתעſʼɺɫҩ

5֮ӡ

³ķĹݴŽգȫŵվԣΪҮѾȽĹϵմ֪ʱǻòȥˡ
ΧŹݺͥԺǽڲೳֵģкܶһ֪ڲ֮³ɾǵߡ
պȻ뵽۷ںӽʱģ
۷ϣֱͣҪǳȺӵϮпһ˲䳲
ǣ۷Ҳ׸ǰһȺ۷ܼһݷƵĽĺΧɱ
۷뿪֮󣬵ºԼҧźĽţԼͬǼС۷ʬ塣
ֻ۷ʬǸ˵Ӱصһ𣬰ҡҡͷ˦롣
ĳطѹǱҧǵ˽סҪ
߽ݵ֮һŮ˹ѰմԱߵĺ˵ӲܳԱڵ汻˯ͰڼװֹѪֱ۵˺ؿм˶ˡûаնݵر۾
ڲӲܳԱ֮УߵŪ˵ֻˡͶߵľᱻߵŪˣȴûҧ˾ͿԳƵ漣ˡ
ǵ˿ͿϦҩ࣬Ǖ½ⶾõҩͬʱҮںδ
ΪǴ˿֮󣬰ϣסȥĳŮ
һ£ӲܵҮʲôطأ
ڸʱɣŮ̫˵ҡҡͷ
֪Բһм¡
ĿŮܲȥıӰ˽ѵľ档
ûҮƵ»ȥ԰ֻĪκεسȥʱһӴұߵ߳
Ӷűĳ˵
֪˰ɣôһ٣ԼһСʱ֮ݳˡ
ô˵֮תͷӣڿʱȻɴ۾
ϵӦӣϮ¼ʱҲôϡ
°ͺ࣬Ӧײˣǲֻ֮ܵôСˣ൱ˡ
վѯ·𿴼ƵĶԼӣ
µ״ô

ӺŻعƵģգ۾˵
»ûҽ˵Ȼܴ⣬ĿǰûΣա
ɿüͷ
̫ˡ
šŴҲûΣգղˡ
úչ
ӵͷ֮󣬰
һһ¡ҴƵҩˣӲܵҮʲôط
Ү£Үڿᡣ
᣿ƿ᣿
üͷ
ΪӲܵĳԱȴûбİȫﻹ鵣Լ尡
˵ðպܲˣŬסӡ
˼ܹ鷳ڻ֮󣬸ҮҵΪ˵ӲܳԱġ
Ӹ߰صͷ֮󣬾ֱӳȥ

Үһֱûг֡
ֱӴϦʧɫİҹ٣Үûлص
ӵŮƣ㰬ûУҲ֪
ҽҩЧãȫ˳˯һǳǳĺһߵȺʱյƺҲ΢ȶˡͻȻöòˣڳԹ֮Լȫûнʳˡ
ڰշվ㿪ŵȥʱĳ˴һͷš

Үվ
һȵؿŰա
㻹
ף㲻ҵƵ֮ǰӸ˵㡣
ҮϾжϳӲûи¡
֮ܶһǿưɣ
հѳĬҮĽ䣬ŵذ̨ùŵҮԱߣⳳѳ˯ǡ
˭ҮأҮֱϲ˱ĴĴָȴ׳ɺɫСĵز𿪱ֲֻ˿ΧҮֱֻ۶ˡ
Ϊʲôأ֪һ
ѹ˵֮ҮҲõͳش
Բҳ鲻
üͷʼϦҩ֭ϴ˿ڡ
ҪǾöҺȥֱ˵ԶܶˡԼ壬ΪʲôҪأǺҪҮ
Үؿ˿ڣ૵˵
ڽҪͷһæﲻϵ֡
̲ס̧۾ҮҮҲ̧۾Űա
һûлԲ˴ҵȴһͷûԣ㶪
ҡҡͷƻ˿ϡ
ӱȽϺáҪǴܹ飬ҷֵɡ
Ү˲䰵
ǲܵġҶΪ֮طˡ
ݷƵʹܹյؿڡһϸĵҩ֭ϴ˿ڣһ˵
Ҳô𣿡
ҮƽĿǻش
޷ȷֻΪСչˣܸ׽֣ڿзɸҲ˵ʲôططġ
¶Щ΢ĿЦ֮Ү˵
ңʹط㣬ΪӲܵҲõġ
̧ͷ
Ϊʲô
ħһһжغʹõô롣ϮǵģҿܻᵣģȴǣҸþòɣ
Ȼô˵Үȴɫ
˵һ룬ҮȻƿߣںڰķ˯Ĳǡ
ңȵҲû취ٻá
ҡҡͷ
ҵƶûΣһġ
ָĲơ
ƻذ֮Ү˵
죬֪֧ѾˡûֻҪ󹫲Ĵľηҳϣʹ޷ڵ״̬
ʲôû˵ֻҮ
˫ɫͫףҮ˵˲öһƽŮ˵Ļ
ĲӲܣǰΪҸġӲֻʮˣֹܹɱڴӵеСģ߲ӵǰҲʲô˵ĵǽˡ
Ү˵ûӣҲûԼ˵˼
侲ؿԼĶʲô
ΪäĿŷԼġ
˵ʱվԼƺҲ΢ļܹ֧֡
մ۾
ҪǸΪĵĴ
ΪεĹɳ˶ߣһľôչֳѵͷǣӦò
ԴӿûӡǵĶ֮󣬰һֱ˼ȴһ𰸶벻ǲǴģöߣͼαװɴ󹫵ѱ䡣
¸˵Ļ͵ĸ׵¶˵
Ҫǲˡʹ󹫴ŻΪĳ˵ͼж״̬Ͽֲĵ·ɣ
̧۾
ںҩ˵˵
ЩЩ߲Ǵ󹫵Ķߡ
ҮѲ豭ÿŰա
ôܶԣ
Щߵıûжڵӡǡ
ڵġӡǣ
յͷ
̷󹫵Ķ֮һʮÿĶڶԼĶ߱ǿҵġΪӳսǿĶһ䣬ǻԼĶ߱¶صĸۣ÷ֱ涷һġЩߵıϲûָۡ
Үüͷ
ǣҲпΪ˰ɱжûӡǵĶߡ
û˵꣬Үҡҡͷ
ûģ߱ʹ˴󹫣ңھɱɱϮĻҲûбҪԼͼ
Ү֧°ͣصſС
˺һ̧֮۾Űա
˵ģǾ͵˼¼ˡ
Үѹ˵
ӲܳԱ֪ӡǡҲǻ㣬Ǳӡ飬дɣ
յش
ǸӡԴԶ֮ľʶԴûйɣ
ݵر۾֮󣬰۾עҮ
ӡǵԲдǴСŶ߳ġΪҵĸ׾Ƕڡ
Үи˾ȵɫ
Ŭ赭дĿĸ׺Լ¡ĸײݶǼ֮⣬ԼôġĸΪʲôᱻ̡ԼƯص£ȫޱ
ȵ˵֮һֱŰ˵Үʲôû˵
ҡҷĵƻݵĳĬ
֮°͵Ү¶Ц
Űյı飬˵
ᣬҲЦ˵Ļ֪ǲΪ㣬ҽе֣˵˺ܶ಻˵ĻղЩҲǡ㲻Ҳôɣ
Ҳ΢¶Ц
֪Ϊʲô̫ȵ˵ĸ׵ʱվԼûܡ
ҮҪ˵ʲôʱԶͨҹٵ
·ƵģҮ˵
Ѿʱ˰ȥӵ˵һסɣ
ҡҡͷ
ҪȥһҪչ˹ǡ
𣿡
СվԱ̨ҮС˵
һҪϢһ¡ҹӦûᷢգһˮ㣬㾡ˮ
һġ
Үͷ֮󣬿Űյ˵
Ҳ𱨵ġõ飬Ҳκˡ
¶΢Ц
ǳлл㡭ǣбҪĻ˵ҲûϵϾѾǹȥˣֻ˵ʱеܾˡ
ͷһ֮󣬰ձ㱳Үȥ

Ů֮߳ǰҮһֱıӰ
ĿŮع֮ҮĲ¡
ҮһǵĺһѾûϢĲǡ
ҶԼһԼȡԭ־޷õĵλˡǾˣԼŤܹļзѹ֮ǰûʲôԼأ
Ү˱ˮסͷ
ǴϮĻ
ôһ¾ʹ˺Լ֮ǰȫͬ塣
Ϯ¼ҪսǶߣҮһʼ;ǳԴ󹫵ϸ뻼󹫸ְӵĹϴ󹫵ĸԡ
¶Ҫһѱ䣬ֱɳΧ
Ǹ˵ʲô
ҮһֱɵǸˡҪǲϮǸ˵İϷҮܴſƻĳˡ
ǣǸ˵Ĺƣֵ֮ĴһᱩŭͶ˹ᣬǸҲӵԺʹ󹫷ͥıŭĴֻҪǸӦҲֹȨҪȨˣǸʲôôò
Ү̾һ
һֱϮ壬Ǳȴͷ޷רġĵƹ£ӰסһŮӲϵ۵ס
ǸŮۿĸԼǰҧ
Ϊĵײôҵļ䣬ǸŮŻŮһо쳣ɣ
Ů޴ȰģҮɵñ۾
ԵĻϣǸŮǣøӦòܰɣ
շޣѺֿĶߵ׸ԼĹƷһ˺Ӱڵʱڳǵ
ҮǸŮò̤ϵĵ·

6

Ϯ¼밬չ͡
³ķĹݱȰϴʱ࣬վӭŮ̬ҲعؾġŮ´΢Ŀʱղ֪ΰԼ顣
ԲǵΪ˸лԼдġ
ֻҪһ̤ȾͷǸڵĺңվ㯵ʱ䶼ûˡϵζݵʱΪԼʱ䣬ǰյȴٳٲԡ
ǰֵţĹҲ֮й
Ĳ˺ü֧򣬴컨ϴ£ŽߵĺεİΧ£ʵظ֡
һŰݻ
ӺŮλʱ׼̣һ˿Ƶϡ
žƱĴ·Ѿֱۻòţɫöˡ
һȥҾһ̧ͷŰա
գˣɣߡ
һÿʵ˵ţһ֡
ָʾλºȰѶͷڵϣһʽ
£Ӧǰˡ
΢Ц˵
̧ա
հշԸ̧ͷЦǰ
каľ̶֧ŲӣͷϰűɫȻе㰵Ѿָˡ
ͣҲڲǰ档ҳĸл˴ҵлл
ٴεͷ
ˡϣܹտ
лл㡣ˣͷʰһ㣬˵ôһһ۵ġ
ô˵ԺŮһơ
Ůһңߵǰ棬Ǹҽ˰աһľ߷Ľҡ
Ϊ;Уֻܸһͣ¡ȡ֮ǣʲôԸһϸġ
հŮٵݸĽҷڵϡ
ǳл
ڰҪ˵ȥʱ򣬴ȴĻ
ÿΪӡ̣ʱĹ⾰ʱҿȫأΪǼֱĹ¡
ջǴ۾ûпţƺȫ⡣ÿʵ˵
ֻҪֻڣǾʲôˡɶ߹Ҳǻˣ˰İ
յͷŵϵһ㡣

ͬ˵ģΪڣҲܰ˯
ս촽˲䣬ˮҲӶͷð˳۾
ʱ򣬾ùͥԺϢǡȻ󣬵ȵ״ָøãԻȥʱŹ⻤ǵ
ŵĻ֮󣬰һ۾
ĳĶڣʱ̵١Ľ߳ǰˡֻҪһվҲ޷Լرˡ
̧ͷע
ݷңԶĵط
ʱ»͹һ𱣻ǣˡ޷ѹȥԭ¡
ȵ۾
֮ǰž̽ӡ
˵ʲô֪Լղ˵ʲô𣿡
һƽͰĿ˵
ա˵֮ǰҪϸรղ˵ĻױΪܾأ
տŴš
·ǳԼ˵Щʲô塣
ŵı䡣
˼˵֪Щ㱻ն׵Ĵ
ûгȰԼֶӣú͸ղŵȫͬϾĿŰա
ŵ˺ѹŭ˵
Ҿ͵ûղЩڣһΡֻһ»
ûѪɫı鿴ش
롭ԭ¡
һƬž
˴ݷ촽мƵģ˵
û˵ܾҪն𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ˡ
һĽհΧ˺ҡ
ƽ˵
Ѿ׼˰ǣɲǹ⿿һรѹ޵Ĺܾ˵ǣҲᱻ
ոеѡǳǳԾ
ʦǱ
ڲ
»ǳʹ࣬ȽԼʹ࡭ǣΪܡ»޷
Ƿǳʹľ
ŰǸ׳ҵı飬üͷ˵
Ϊʲôܾҵֵز
һʱ۾
۾֮󣬰һһ˵
еԭֻܸһˡ
ɫࡣ
˵ʲô˼ǲܸ𣿡
ŭ𣬼˵
ղ˵ʲôԸ˵仰棬¾ͰԸ˵ߡ
ֹ˻˵ʲôĴţĿŰա
ǽҸһܾҵ˵ദ𣿡
ջش
»ӲܵҮ´һԡ
üͷ
ҮͿԴ
ǵġΪƱҮ£Ըš
˼˵ȫ𡪡ŷȴŴţóȵĿ˵
Ŵҵһ䷿ȥ
裡
žȵؿ飬û˵ڶΡ

뿪ҡܱ֮˳ŭΰ㾲
˵
ҾҪ˵ʲôɣ
΢˵
µĻҪܾãĻ
︡˱Ц⡣
µ񣬾Ͳٵҵˣ˵ɣ
ֱַͦϥϡ
˵֮ǰһ¡¾ܾµѵѭı𣿡
ͷ۾
ҵı⣿
Ϊ˲©κСطĿתı飬һ˲䣬оϣʧˡ
һֱΪΪڳʱ˵޹淶ص壬Żװ֪ġĲ֪
յĳĬǵ󺰣
㵽˵ʲôѻ˵
֪Ļվ͵ô޹淶鿪ʼ˵ˡ
¶ģ˵
˵޹淶ǵһ涨ģһֱΪѾΪʲô²ˣ֪
üͷ
޹淶ȷʵ˵ǵһ涨ġ˼˵Ǻй
ǵġ
յͷ
չ޵ֻҪǸ淶޾ͲɣҲº
ȫ֪ʲô˼ɣĬؿŰա
ƽ˵
һʼչ޵˻ᱻ֪ǾԲ׽Ұޡ޹淶еĹ涨չ޵޷ӴġιϵʱҪ޲ڵʱŽƵʱҲҪ޽ǣһһѸι޺ˮ޾Ͳᷢ飬ڴ֮ǰļ꣬޲ӹ
üͷݷ̽յĻƵ˵
˵һΪ˲ӣдǸ淶𣿡
ǵġ
Ϊʲô
ȵһ뷨ԽֵΪΪһǲϣԼĹ羭طݡ
һ˲䣬ıˡ
Űգ۾ȴûпһ֮ڿڡ
֪֮ɽһ߷°ɣ
ô˵֮ãȻĿ˵ԤڵĻ
Ҳ֪
վȵ۾
˫粣һ㡣һҲͫ׿Űա˵
Żĸ׹ʱҲꡣΪǳֵĺ֢ʹĸҲˣҵʱ꣬ʲô¶֪¼λġ
ıΪŭŤ
ġѪۻ࡯Щһߵȫˡ̶ǣһ崫ļ䣡
ս˸ְߵ֣ѹſʼҡԼĵŭΡţ̾һſס͡
һ֮Żط֣ٴοա
ҵǴ֮ɽһཱུٴ˵صġһ䣬ֻѡ֮ɽı˶ʲôΪʲôҵȻ뿪ȫ֪Ϊʲô֪֮ɽһͷ£֮й𣿡
ע˵
²ȷԼ֪ǲʵֻۿطֹ޺Ͷ߷ֳ֮²ŸоԼ˵ġ£𣿲һǳĹ¡
ͷ
Ҿɣж೤
ձ۾һ֮ٴ۾
ţʼ˵ˡ
ĸ׵¡úڲݶߡ˵ǴѡöҧԼ¿ʼ֮ԼĿֲĹȥȫ˵˳
˵֮ĿתŰա
ݷЩºȥ˾Ƶģòϡ
ô
ֻ˵⼸֣סס۾΢΢š
һֱһԵҮС˵

Ӧô˰ɣɳƵ˵
õġ
ַϥ֮Űա
˵ģҡ
Ļжˡ
Щʧ˰ɣ۾ҡҡ֡
͵ˡһ֪ͨġ
֪ǺõİƳҮһۡ
Үͷ߰ա뿪ȽϺá

һϹ֮뿪˺ңҮߵɱ۾ǰ¹á
ȵ۾ʱ˵
ΪҵĶƣ˷ѽ
ҮϾĿ⿴
ǳǸԺҪ˵ֻˡʲôˣӰڵ֣
ؿǰˡ
Үƽ˵
˵ʵһҲһ֪¡ǲ֪£úõذһ֮ĽɫĶƣĶơһӲĶܣһᷢѡ
˵һϯﵽĿη·һһסԼ壬ɵ¶Ц
Ǹ侲ѽˮҶŪˣһҲܾ׼ץιɣ
Үͷ
¡ûбڵʱһ¡
ҮĻʱʹɫҲɢ
Ȼ֮ѾˡʹʹŮ

ա
̰յĹлոԼҪ飬дԼҪ޵Ļ͡
֮ʮӲܳԱִҲǵı̤ϷĹ;

ôƽصҲкܴתɣ
Ǿ;ĴʱΪҵͷʹʧȥʶۿͷѾȫˣʵ­һֱѪʱҡθǼ֢״Ķ񻯡
̧֮û۾
Ȼ


ڰ¡

1

Ӹ߸ߵĴųŵĴ
ߡ
󹫺һ
ȫ˻ˡ
׵̫ѨֵѪܣϰ˵
û취ңӦҲܰɣ
̧ͷʲôû˵
ŵĸʱΪ˰ŵ˽еȴĲƱšЩƱȫ͵һԭⲻر˻
ͲƱ֮ǰȥ°Ŀʹ߾ȵִˣ󹫡ŹŶԼȥͰԼˡ
ϮϢϮĸʹ󹫶ˡ
֪֮ɿʹߵͿ³ķĹݣŹϮһºԼ޹ϸֻЩʹҲһӻңôˡ

󹫵˵
඼ֱӰڳ̬ȣΪҲ޷ԭ¡
ŴӴĹߣ׺ͺӰڳһƬ
ͱ߲ƭˣȻǾµҿҲûʲôδˡ
ס
˵һϣ󹫼˵
öұɱĲԣûиҪʹֶε˲Сĳں̨ȨˣػڲʼáɣҲҴϣԾԲĴѴŪ
ף
Ŭüŭһƿֳߵǰ
Ǹף˵ֻҲ̫ˣ
¶ŭŬ󺰵ͬʱ󹫰γ˽ýش˴еĶ䡣Ŭס䵹ڵϡ
־ŭĶӣü䵭˵
ҪɵʲôʱҪַǳĹִ뷨ֳû֮أʱῳͷ
ٿسؽս֮󣬴󹫿ųС
ҲҪҳ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ڵʱơ
еĻشô߸Цݡ
ڴ󹫿֮ǰϾͽ˵ӦøԷһްɣ˼ʱ䡣
üͷ
ҪսپЧźá
ҡҡͷ
Ǻӵб̵ĻȻûǣҾεͬ
߽ܵܣץͬʱ˵
ҪӮⳡս͸ŤСӤֱһ򵥣Ȼѵǽ°ɣ
ϸ߰ؿԼĸ˵
ףһ뷨ܹȥ𣿡



һָϸĵʵС̨˹ȥ
Үַڶͷϣؿ컨塣ˣȴ𴲣һֱ±ʵ컨ľơ
ŵɥµ֮ǰʮ죬ҮûۡЩĲ֮䣬ĬĬػ
ϣֵҹʱʱҮ֪ΪβصӲܵϢҡ齻֮󣬾ͻصΥʮļҡ
Үƣ۵صڴʱûֵذʹ϶һңֱƽ֮ŷ¡յķһ¹֮⡣ֻҮþòߡһİĵط
һֱǱĵ׵Ŀ裬Լᱡ͸
ĴֻǳΪɱ˵ļΪĶƣҲôġûбˣҲֻĹ¶ͿѡʱǷĿͻ᳹׵͸
㷷ƺתˣͻȻúԶ

ѾŲȥ˰ɣֽܹӴڵʱ䣬Ѿʣ޼ˡ
ǣʲôӣûбҪģΪ˼ĴڷʽĹ
ǱĹߣ˼ģֻػ
ǡ
Ү۾
Ǹô졭
Үڿ³ķĹ˵ԼǸ˵ĻɣҲ˵뿴ҪδǸˣȻŵȴһлصԭ㡣
źѪɫӾʽţ˿ҮĶҮһ֪ɱĸ˭ǾҮҲȷ᲻š
Ү̾һ
֪Ǹ˶ʲôͼˡ
͹ŲͬǸ˲Σŵ˵ѾԼˡ
ȥҮ͵Ǹ˰ڲƵ֣ȹӡ
ôһ֮ҮͻȻ൱Ρ
ʱԼĳ׷ΪļֵֻһҮΪмֵ
ԼһĴӡĸ׽ӹӵǸʱԼΪ˵ļֵѾˣ
ҮָϣʱԼĺ



صԼķ䣬ڿһ˶ʱžӦÿԿˡ
ȻϤϣããȻؿϦڵµĴӰʱȴû
ĸļݱʵ̫ͻȻˡ
ʹԼɥ;ʽϵǣŻĲʵУͺԶԼʽƵġʹһ˶ʱָоԾûʧݷһʵ˵ʵС
кܶɣǸĴ󹫣ŵøϿķʽСǣôҪ뷨ͻȻƵģ޹
ʱžȵ۾

һ򿪣žͽˡֱ۵ĲȻѾˣɫǲ̫á
ſСʱ𣬾һֱסֳѽɫĴĿʱصʵĸо̸֣ĸѾʧճеĸоҲӿͷ
һŲ촽ű߽ţס
ŵΧסԼһ˲䣬̶
Žץסţʼѹ
§סţķ˿ḧıŵҲˮ

˺һӣˮʼֹͣŻǰڴŵ˵
ллݾ˾͡ҲΪĸеˡ
ʲôû˵ֻŵͷ
ôͻȻҾ͵þСˡ
һɳƵૣһ¶˿Ц
ҪȰѵһŮС
ű۾һҡݵ塣
˵ֻ
ݷ˵ţٶŵͷ
㲻ǴȨĹรš
Űַڴŵؿڣ΢ƿ壬̧ͷŴŵ
˾ˡ㣬ϣ˾˵νİοˡҺԼ˭ԼԼĹʲô
ŵ촽¶һĨҵ΢Ц
ӶµʱʼҾͲǹ
ҡҡͷ
Ĳ֪Լ˭Ϊûע⵽ҪĶ
üͷ
ҪĶ
û
üë˵
λֻǴʹλӡǲòȥλӣ;ǸλӲſľɫɣȴûܹȨ𣿡
ŵͷ
ذָŵ°̧ͣ
Ψһһѡκ˵ŮรֻҪѡһϲ˵ɷͺˡ
¶΢΢ĿЦ
ôܡ
ŵĿЦĸƵžȡ
Ψһһѡϲ˵Ů˾֪
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôأ
̾һ
˾ˣ뿴ɣѪͳĻֻѡԶŷǰɣǸĶûʥѪͳıعĶǣЩ軵ӵܣ˵ֺĻˡ
ץ°͵ָϱһ
ʲôк壿ҪรšеĻ˵
ʲô
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ֻһ˾һҪ˼ʱ䣬ʵڲ֪ԼӦ˵ʲôźá
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˵ι·Ļ֤һ㣬ĸºġһʤɣǻʼ֮أҲǽ֮ҰݡǻþĶ߲ӡҲеĲಿ󣬵ȴ٣ȻǲҹʵףΪܹĻǲĶ߲Ӿͻͬһ㱻壬ͷ䡣漣ķˣҺ͸׶ձٶĳӵ֣ĬĬԼȥǡ
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Ҫ漣ûг֣ŴΪ񣬰Լ׸ǡ
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Ӧǵʱɫӣ𣬶ߵĴͻͣǰ
ʾȥĻû˵ϱתţʿǰ߳ҡ

2֮Ѫ

ССĻڿ³ķԭҰĴˡ
һݵζͻƮ
¬ͰС棬еĵطͣسŻɫľ仨ʱڣǾֿŵļĻÿտûĸ޽̹³ֻ̲סӵеĺܲ˼顣
ڰճؿŹʱԭһֱ̡̡ҧŻĹȻ̧ͷӷ
վȵسŹ⿴ķȥ˴ɽ·ɽ¶ƽǰٶ൱졣
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ĵѾתΪĽˡ
վֹ⣬ű뿪ߣЩȥ
ӽȫŲ޵ѱ޷ȻϵǵϵĻ֮󣬰ˡ
ͷ곤һҲΧסաһø߶ȾŰգһ߰ѡ
곤˲ĿŰա
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˹ڲϵѣڿд졣

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Щѱʦڹ޵ʱ򣬰ǰˡЩ˴ѵģӦӡڹаɣңЩ˴ȥͥԺʱ˵ġ
һֱܼԱ˵ڸڷܵ΢չˡڰԼСָָҧϣȻѾˣֻպܲû˵سЩ״
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ܱۻۣͬĹ⾰ʹϵڰյԺزð޷ǳجεֻнѡ

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ԥһ˲ҧԼ֡
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վúѣɵñ۾ſͣһ㴭
ԼҲͣôݶлģֻǸ˵ĲҽС



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ʮ糿ùͰ¬˰ҩǻ˯ʱ򣬰ؽרõĻ¬Ҳֱ˲ͬĻҵ֮󣬰ձŷһ
ѧŵʱ򣬰մӴƳؿİѧͯǡ
ٶűӵһ죬⾰Ҳ˲ʧڰ
۵ĳӰ쵽ԶĿ³ķߵصĲԭϡ
һ޼ʵĸɾ졢ɹ̫Ĳԭʧںͷ
ԴԼԼߵأѾˡ
ǶȹӣߵضȹҸԶȥ
ձ۾ͷҡԼ塣

3ŵ

ӿ³ķ˳ǰóз£ռȫǵˡ˫ۿŷ羰յ˼Ծɱδռݡ
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죬һͿʼꡣ˵ǳģֻҪһǻ˸е⡣վ΢Уȥˡ
ΧɭΪΥˮ˹ҶεôͬƵĵţڶڱľƤζζҶζΧ·ϣյƽ
ú󣬹ϵȻǰԵʵ·Ѵ˼ǧһ㣬ش
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ڴ󷿼һƽϸߵλϣ߽İա
Ѱմ뿪ֻʣպʹ˶
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أٹ£Ҫڽ֮ҰʹĶ߲潻ˡҪʱƬԭҰʱһǲǰͷĻ󹫾ͻ񣬲Ҹ׳Ƴǣ漣ûг֣߾ͻֱӳԭҰҧӹˣ͵ô󹫵ĶȢԼΪޡ
ЦſŰա
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Űת򴰻߿ŵ˵
ѾˡҪĻһ԰ҲǸŮҲץҺ֪ܲĿǰĲҿֵܼǸʱ㲻׼ٺ棬ûܹˡ
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עŰա
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յĿΪȶҡ¶΢Ц
Ҳ˵ȫȳ²̸ܹݴޣֻһҲܼӵеĶ߲ӡֻҪάͿˣ漣ڽ֮Ұ󹫾͵ԡ̬ͻкܴĸıˡΪֻҪܹ˷Σͻʱָˣɼ᲻Ƶ޲ӡ߲Ӷ޲ӡ㲻Ǻܰƽ𣿡
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֪Լôˣǣ޶
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źǲܵġ
ŵıȻһ
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֤
ţ֮ͣ󣬴žϵѱʦȥһѲݹķֻҪԿˡҪùĻұҲ޷˭õļôֻҪͬ죬ֻӦöͬķӦ
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֪ˣչ˰ɣ

4ħ֮

һҹֱʱֹͣ
ǵ˺һŵԭҰȥǸʱ򣬲ݵϻʪ
ԭҰ֮󣬹ƺ򵺲ͬڿ³ķζеԻ󣬲ͣſҲɢԭҰĴİޣԡʵĳ£Ƿɽģڸ԰õĵط
ڸ߸ߵݰΧ£ǡ
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ǸôԶηҰޡ
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ܰôСĹǣѾΪ޷Ұˣпʵ޷ıġ
ŭӰյ˳
ǶԲϲȡпֶεķŭҲǶ޷ֻܲ鲻ԸطӵԼеķŭ
ҰҰܹҰԼǱ뷨߹ģȻڣԼȴֵطʲôأ
һ渧Űźɴ֣һֱŹ⡣



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һ㣬˵ǶôҪ飬ġ
ûŵ䶣̡
ҡͻȻǰĿԾסģҡ
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ŵ΢΢Ү
Ǹв˼ŮȱǸ̫ˡ㲻𣿡

ΨһһӵвˣΪʲôϰڳһűأ
˿̣ŵ΢Цʧһı顣
ľ¡ǸŮ˵ʲôΪʲôֻܶԹ˵ȴܸأ
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ҲǸҮ㿼һҵ޻ʲôµȴ֪ĻҸ㲻ûľأ
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п˶ʹ𣿡
ŵٴθǳǳЦ⡣ֱӣذ忿ϣ˵
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ֻҪΪ˹ҺͰ£ܶçײ鶼գ𣿡
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Ÿƽֿʵȫͬ˵
ᶯҳΪǶ䵭ˡҲ󹫵Ķ˵Ļ˰ɣҲûбǷܴĶˡǸ˾Ĳ硣ǰĳ˵ǸҲǸ˸мĴڡΪֻҪĳͷǸĲһϣʾˡ
亹ҮıסܵĶ񺮡
ŵԶһ
ڽ֮ҰϿ漣֮һɣ
վָš
ˣҮٹãҲĹлýŵġ

Ӵŵ֮ӲܲóһСŷ⡣
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ͨҵһӰûУ˳ҹᾲ׸СҮϣҪŷ𿪡ϸؿԼ֮ҮԼָ΢΢
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ŷ֮Ү˵ļзͥԺ
Ժпʼ˫ڸסһ
Ү˼ϵδϣٴӱϰγֽ̽ס̽ôӰȭͷͽһȻҧסӵһͷһᡣŶ̽ش֮Ү̤ΧɭУֱسȥ
ʹҮСģϸС֦ǹֱۺǡ

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ǵ߱ԵҲĹâ˱ߣȻȴ˺ڰ֮С
Үķ羰ͣҡҷţеԽԽأҮ޷ɲ˵μֻõƥƵ̤
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֪ǲΪҩĹϵ˿ڵʹбúܳٻоˣҸµѪѾ·ŪʪˣҮӻͳ˸ղյŷ⣬۷ڼ˿ϡţòĴӽƣŷ̶á
ҮŲդ߽ȥǣͷΣ
⸱ͣ壬ҮȻ޷ϡѷͰӵţ̨Ȼҧأòײ
Ҫȥ
Ȼ˲ϸ΢ҮԾûлشѾ˵ˡ
ҮѶͷϣԶȥʶ
Ү뿪ǵűȥΪ뵽ΨһһڵԼĵطԼˡƽ٣Լʮӣľ룬ȴı˶ˡ
ԴΧɭǰȥǸطʱ䣬ܹǵĶĿ˳ִҲ˵
ÿһҮʹôʹ࣬ҡʧҹɭС

6

ϵĵƹ¬۾λεġ
ǸҹèӣͰѾ˯ˣһ治ӡ
¬Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ҾͺͰյһοʱһǳ㰬õˢӰˢëǲϹԹ԰¬Ӵ֮󣬰վôǰԼ͹ദʱƺȫˣƴԼֻǻ룬¬ĸ黹úů
ҪҶëร
ڰСسʱ¬İȻ̧ͷҲ̧ͷſڡ
ջعͷ˿ſվš
΢ĵƹ¸ֵʱղɵôһ
Ү
һ˲䣬ջΪǸͶ߲ҮԽʱճſڣһ
ȵҵһ˲ȥ֮Үģðͷһͷˮڶͷϣ·ѪȾ˺ɫϺѪɫ۾ʧ
հëˢڵϣҮ˹ȥ
Ү۾ģƺʲôһס壬ߵƵϥǣͷҲڰյļͷ
˵ȫͻȻѹԼ壬ðղ㵹سҮ壬ĵߵǽԣȻذԼԭ׼ë̺ϡ
֮Үû۾ֹѪĹϵҮ·ǳġɿҮ죬塣Ȼ·ȫѪմʪˣ˿ƺֻԼֹѪһطѡ
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Ѫ·𱡰Ƶֽһ۽ǣذֽ˺Ү̷ŵðոϽ֣ͣҮû۾
ֽ۽ǣذֽ˺ȵֽȫ˺֮󣬳ª˿Ҳ֮ΡӦǱĵ˵İɣһֱ˿ڡ
Ȼû˵ѪܣֻҪ΢ƫһ㣬ͻʧȥһҮǳˡ
ǣⲢǷϾͻõ˿ڡüͷ˼취ˮôأ
ΪѪζԵʰɣ˹⼤ĵ
Ĵ̼£ĳ뷨ͻȻڰյԺС
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ˮĲϡݵĸɵ֭ҺЧޱԲһ涼ӦûˮĲϡ
վǰᣬԱ칫ҵţǽߡصᣬ߽ԱߵĴңӲڼϵƿƿ޹ҳװź֭ҺƿӣȻ󼱼ææػصҮߡ
һѺݵ֭Һ˿֮󣬴Ϊ̫̼ĹϵҮȻ߻һִ֡򵽰յı֮ǰոϽͷץסҮֱۡ
ҮҪ
ϥѹסҮֱ֮󣬰մһҮաҮ΢΢۾Ȼͫ׻ǳʧ״̬
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Үɢ𽥼Уͫиֳâ
ҮüüĻͻشҡ
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հĶ䣬һһ˵
ҮҪϑ^ڣʹͣԲԶ֪֪Ļ͵ͷ
Үصһͷ
ַֻ˿ǳҵҲǳʱȻ߷˿ʱҮҧأһûԡ
˿ںͷҰ޵˿ȫͬҵһֱעҮܵľʹ࣬Լڲ֪ס˺ȵƽ֮󣬰ͻȻ亹ֱðɳƵĹ㿪ʼǰ衣
֪ԼƶѪ֢״֮󣬰ձͷϥм䣬ֹһӡȵʧĿѣԺ󣬰ղ̧ͷʱҮ۾Ѿˣ㰬պҲûлӦ
Ү󣬰ղƵ˿Үȶ
һ˯һӿϣð̧˯ҲйϵɣվԼ·ҪȥƵġ
òײŶë̺סҮ壬վߵȷԼûб۾˯֮С

ҹɫ׵ʱҮͻȻ˫ۡ
˯ʱͲϸܵʹУ۾һ˲䣬ĸܡ
һʱ䣬Ү㲻ԼںδΪʲôôʹӽ컨Ĵ浭ɫʱ̻Ϸ顣
ӶԱߴ
Үرյ˯ԼԱߡ΢յ۾ͱӣոܵյĺʱİĵɢ
ҮԴʮ塢ʱ˽׵ʱµӲԵ֮󣬾Ѿӡĵ׵ʹధˡ
סˮʹҮۿӿ֣۽
΢֮УҮһֱŰʵ˯

͹ⷢĵͳðվѹ
վſڿ棬ڳ֮пüӰǴݵװ첽߹
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ͻȻͷŹ⡣Ȼ¶ġ
⣬
仰ʱиֳʲôĿ⡣
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ô֮󣬰վõִդţҮ߽֮С͹ⶼ˲ϵë˽ӽʱǻÿӴðͨҮڵϣٰѵݸ壬֮Ǳԭλá
ڰհ˷ܵؽиͣ¬ʱűܹĽŲͬʱſڡ
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ŻһֱŰգͻȻ¶΢Ц
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ź̧ߣĴ档
˻ǲҪԼжȽϺáǸôԽֻ࣬ԽÿͰɣ
΢Цڲ֪ʧˣŵϸı顣
գֻܴҪ뿴һȰ侲ؿɣһῴ֭ôԼġʲôԼģôһƽ͵˳ˡ
˵Щ֮󣬴űתߵȥˡ

7֮ҹ

ֱҮı󣬰Үͷ˵
ԲҸ鷳ˡ
ĬĬҡҡͷҮͷ·ϵĵݡ
Ү÷ǳٶϷ¡ɶϮŵӦǴʱղúܾȣֻĵ׵ǹɱ䲻бøˡ
ո뿴Щ߸ϵдľ籾ֻҪһ뵽Ǹ籾Լǵܵ˵İŪվòˡ
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ӵøۿڵһСĹңΪǳԣҲҵԱΪһߵһóصأҷǳ١
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֮ɽ˶˵ķʢôˡߵѪٻΪƬԹسΪ֮أҲûڴ˵ѾһƬ޷Ĺɭ֡

ʹѾͣźŮǻȵı顣
»ʱ򣬴ȪڳرʯϵźȻеһ⣬ٶȽ廬Ȫ
ĵػϥǵλãԼ΢һЩű˵µĺ
ǳսҴǸȥˡ֮ͫҰ޵ļΪļӡһϸؽɣһ羡ͷˣԷֹͬıٶݡǾ˳֮ļĸһ壬ؽ֮񡣡
ŻԼļ˵
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տŵ۾ƽ˵
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˵ʲô˰ɣҲתͷֱ￴
ɱߵʱʹ߻ޣԶԹ˵ɱԡ
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ⷬźѪϺȻĳּ
һԲؿŰգҲš

ŸоԼĵĳɫҿʼϸر⡣ɱĶһʼ⣬ͻ޷ԭʧ
ʹڿĸоԼԾ
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ңԶļ䡢ںڰԲе޵ͫףڰյѡ
Ŵ˵ϱˡֻ壬鶼ˣ͵˿³ķǸʱ²ʮ֪꣬ʲô޹淶ֻǲԹʹѺˮϣҰɳѡ
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գڽ֮ҰʱվԱߣʲôֻҪžͺˡһɡ޷ѡɡ

9޵

³ˣϻЩ⡣
ͫ׻ͬèһŴĹ˵ҹӦñĻɣҹĶһҲںڰ̽жԥ
ԽΧĺڰɭϷ쿴ޱʱ򣬹ĺͻȻʼ
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өƵĹȺһ֮󣬺½䡣ճŹ½ķȥɭ־ͷĵطһɫӰҡССĵƹ⡣ֻһˣкüӰվ
өĹâڲ֪ʧˡ
ԥһ޷ЩںԼӶ
ַڹϣָĹ⣬Ѹ½ڰմŵصĹⱳ֮ǰѾ֪վ˭ˡ
ͷɭֵӰһǣĸһ壬
ⷢĵ
ͷ˰ѷߣȻֻĬĬؿš
ڴ֮Ȼûнʱ¶˾ȵı顣
Ķ˶ΪڷбѵĻǾˡ
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մӶͷȫؽӲˣɳƵС˵
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һĵطȥĻһ᷸´ģǵĵطһɣ
ҹϢһ㣬һƽıڰյĵɢ
รԭˡô롣ЩΪԼ뿪뿪ԼһֱȦĸһ干ͬŵ
Щһߣȷ֮ǰѾ򿪵šȻˣյĻǺҡҡҡͷ
Ҳһߡ
տĸ¶˰˺ʹĸʱȻоһƵʹӹؿڡ
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ĸֱȥԼŮһĻһĵԹްĸ˵ġ
ĸݷһȭƵ
ĸ׾ԼʲôԼʲôҶҲóΪ˷ֹѣжôĵؽɡǣҷǳ˵
һֱĵ׵˼ƵӿԴԴ
޺Ͷ߽Ҳֽġ񡣡
ɴŻɫͷǰһץסĸļ
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ŮѾûˣԼѡȷġ˵ʲôŶȥɣ
һ˲䣬ոоĸѯʵԼȻ̵ʹڰյؿɢޱԵ÷ǳʧı顣
ճĬĸһŷŭӰԼתȥ
ůҹ紵տ˵ԭҰͷҹաݷɳһ㣬ҹвǳ޷һѹؿڵĳһ¶ɵÿ
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ǲ;أҲվ޷ѡĵ·ϡ
ԴӾùⱻһ쿪ʼҾһֱԼʺϵĵ·ϡ
ҪҰĶͬҰһ㳤󡣿һ棬Ҳ⣬Ұ޺֮ӵгԽҵҾ˷ܶϲá
֪ѡҴⲽأһǲԼ˸
ǣʳĿ黹ûʧ
ҴӹϸоĞ飻Ϊ˽ӽŬõʲô᲻ᵽͷֻǵأ

ǰɣ̵ʦ˵ˡﹲеǰǿ־壬ӦٵɣࡢҰޣϵﶼ޷еĳԶﻳſ־塣ԣΪܼǱ㴦ĻǵʽֶΣɡɣ໥Լġ
һϸıԣֻܿ޵Ķɣ
ܹƽµػص³ķԼҲվѧͯǰˣ޷ܵﱾ޵ˣܶԺ˵ʲôأࡢҰޡ棬еĶֻǺڰ֮˸һС㡪εĺڰ㡣

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ѹű紵ҵͷ̧ͷꡣ̫δĴ΢һЩƽ꿴ȻһƬڣϻкüСӰӡ
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ʱҮϲƬбǿñְΧĹľϣǳ˹ľһ̸ڵĴǱ紵һƵƵҴҮ壬˯Ҫ粻ͣĻ׼Ⱦͻ½ԼֻðΣտˡ
Լ·ԭҰټ˶߲ӡ
Ү͵͵Ϳʱ˵ϵҵʿ룬ֻټ֮һĶ߲ӣʣĶ߲ڴŬߣ̻˵սľһװӲܳԱ״»ȥӦòǲܵġ

֪Үһֱ̽ŵϢԷǳҮİȫ
еΪӴ˱ֲ֮̿ǰȷĶȫòȷǲᶨȹ̣ҳ֮Ҳ壬ʼԼڽ֮ҰΪ˱ڿҳΪΣʼҡе㯵ʱҮҪ󣬸ҮһӲܵװװ
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Ҳ֪ʲôֻҪ֪ߣҾͻ΢һˡ
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֦ջȺɫɵɫܽνͬǻٶáҮ۾ڣӦѾϵˡʲô뷨ȹŵʱأ
һŷҮôϢ˺óһʱ䡣

2  

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洫ƿߡ
ʱζķȻվסţ·ҲƮ
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һ޼ʵԭҰļȻƲǺصĻɫ̺ĵطɢʵɫâǿ紵ʱ߻ϸϸкžԼҪ˷赽ԭҰȥˡ
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Ҳúܲ˼飬֪Ϊʲô߾Ӿ޷ӳڴų֮ǰûߵĴźɫƬųһе붷ȺǣǱϣҫ׵սʿǣԼƮǧģЩһֱֻǷ羰һݶѡŵĵģ͵ص
һοƬԵׯ϶ҪǹŲš
᲻ϻաſ羰λϲŻеİֱؿڣ޷ֹסᡣ

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ߴһҲûУֻǺѹѹؾۼ޷ȻӴǱǰ
Ȼ䣬յԺֳ︡Լǰ۷ַĹ⾰
Ϊ˺Ůһһӵĺɫ۷Ⱥ
ҲɵŮ۷ֳɲͬȺ塣Ȼ۷ֻǷֿѣȴǵðѾŮɱɡһӿͷģǷǳưˣȴȰ˸

ĲԱߣҲǰյֱߣ˺ĶµĶ߲ӽӶӡղ˵Ĵ󹫴еӣǸƬƵľѾľӶ˺ܶࡣ
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ѪɫŽӹ֮ǵԼԥƵĽ촽Ѹٵظ߾ӣĴҡΡ

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Э󹫵ʿ֮УţѪۻ࣡Ѫۻ࣡߻˺ҧҵսʹչ

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ǵĪSյĶʱУտһΡԼķҮȫǱ紵һ㣬ݵظʧ
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ߵĽŲҡŴأ𽥽ӽֵŵϣת忴ʱˮѾģߣʶҲʼԶȥ

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ֻҪȻһϢд棬ҾͻվǸԨıԵ١һ֮Ұ޲һң˵ֱΪֹ

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