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A scale is a selection of certain notes within an octave. The first scale that we will discuss is the major scale.
(在一个八度内选择不同的音高可以构成调性,我们先来学习一下大调)
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The first minor scale that will we discuss is natural minor. It is constructed with this formula.
(首先来看自然小调,它是以这个公式建立的)
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Let's build an A Natural Minor Scale. Our starting note will be A.
(我们来建立一个A的自然小调音阶,从A开始)
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From A, we take a whole step to B.
(从A开始,向上走一个全音到B)
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Next, we take a half step to C.
(向上一个半音到C)
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From C, a whole step takes us to D.
(从C向上走一个全音到D)
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Another whole step takes us to E.
(再向上走一个全音得到E)
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From E, we go up a half step to F.
(从E向上走一个半音到F)
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From F, a whole step takes us to G.
(从F向上走一个全音到G)
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Finally, the last whole step returns us to A.
(最后向上走一个全音到A)
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A Natural Minor is: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, A.
(所以,A的自然小调音阶是A、B、C、D、E、F、G、A)
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Notice that the A Natural Minor Scale has no notes with accidentals.
(注意A的自然小调音阶没有升降音)
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Let's build an G-sharp Natural Minor Scale. Our starting note will be G-sharp.
(我们来建立一个升G的自然小调音阶,从升G开始)
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From G-sharp, we take a whole step to A-sharp.
(从升G向上走一个全音到升A)
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Next, we take a half step to B.
(然后向上走一个半音到B)
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From B, a whole step takes us to C-sharp.
(从B向上走一个全音到升C)
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Another whole step takes us to D-sharp.
(再走一个全音到升D)
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From D-sharp, we go up a half step to E.
(从升D向上走一个半音到E)
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From E, a whole step takes us to F-sharp.
(从E向上走一个全音到升F)
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Finally, the last whole step returns us to G-sharp.
(最后向上走一个全音到升G)
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G-sharp Natural Minor is: G-sharp, A-sharp, B, C-sharp, D-sharp, E, F-sharp, G-sharp.
(所以,升G的自然小调音阶是:升G、升A、B、升C、升D、E、升F、升G)
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Notice that the G-sharp Natural Minor Scale has five sharps.
(注意G的自然小调音阶有五个升音)
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Next, we will construct the C Natural Minor Scale. Our starting note will be C.
(下面我们来建立一个C的自然小调音阶,从C开始)
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The whole step takes us to D.
(向上走一个全音到D)
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From D, a half step takes us to E-flat.
(从D向上走一个半音到降E)
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The following whole step takes us to F.
(然后向上走一个全音是F)
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From F, a whole step takes us to G.
(从F向上走一个全音到G)
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The half step from G takes us to A-flat.
(从G向上走一个半音到降A)
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From A-flat, we take a whole step to B-flat.
(从降A向上走一个全音到降B)
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The final whole step returns us to C.
(最后向上走一个全音到C)
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C natural minor is: C, D, E-flat, F, G, A-flat, B-flat.
(所以C的自然小调音阶是C、D、降E、F、G、降A、降B)
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Notice that the C Natural Minor Scale has three flats.
(注意C的自然小调音阶有三个降音)
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Next, we will discuss harmonic minor.
(接下来我们来看一下和声小调)
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To convert any natural minor scale into harmonic minor, raise the seventh note by a half step.
(要从任何自然小调转换为和声小调只需要将第七个音向上升一个半音即可)
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Let's convert C Natural Minor into C Harmonic Minor.
(我们将C的自然小调转换成C的和声小调)
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Simply raise the seventh note (B-flat) by a half step, resulting in B.
(只要把第七个音(降B)向上升半个音,得到B即可)
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C harmonic minor is: C, D, E-flat, F, G, A-flat, B.
(所以,C的和声小调是C、D、降E、F、G、降A、B)
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Finally, we will discuss melodic minor.
(最后我们来看一下旋律小调)
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To convert a natural minor scale into melodic minor, raise both the sixth and seventh notes by a half step.
(要把任何自然小调转换成旋律小调只要同时将第六个、第七个音向上升一个半音即可)
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For example, to convert C Natural Minor into C Melodic Minor, simply raise the A-flat and B-flat a half step to A and B.
(举个例子,降C的自然小调转换成C的旋律小调时,只要把降A和降B同时向上升一个半音得到A、B即可)
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C melodic minor is: C, D, E-flat, F, G, A, B.
(所以,C的旋律小调是C、D、降E、F、G、A、B)
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Usually, melodic minor is used only when ascending.
(通常,只有在上行时使用旋律小调音阶)
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When descending, composers prefer to use the natural minor scale.
(在下行时,作曲家偏向使用自然小调音阶)