Specific intervals are measured both on the staff and in half steps on the keyboard.
（具体的音程衡量不光体现在五线谱上，还体现在钢琴键盘的半音上）
As you learned in the previous lesson, C to D and C to D-flat are both generic seconds. Specifically, however, C to D is one half step larger than C to D-flat.
（如上节课所学，C到D和C到降D都是二度。但是具体来说，C到D比C到降D大了半音）
Let's learn a few specific intervals.
（我们来学习几个具体的音程）
A major second is made up of two half steps.
（大二度是由两个半音组成）
C to D is a major second since it is a generic second on the staff and two half steps on the keyboard.
（C到D在五线谱上是二度，且在键盘上由两个半音组成，所以它是大二度）| 
E to F-sharp would be another example of a major second.
（从E到升F同样也是大二度）|
A major third is made up of four half steps.
（大三度由四个半音组成）
C to E is a major third.
（C到E是大三度）|
E to G-sharp is also a major third.
（E到升G同样也是大三度）|
A perfect fourth is made up of five half steps.
（纯四度由五个半音组成）
C to F is a perfect fourth.
（C到F是纯四度）|
F to B-flat is also a perfect fourth.
（F到降B同样也是纯四度）|
A perfect fifth is made up of seven half steps.
（纯五度由七个半音组成）
C to G is a perfect fifth.
（C到G是纯五度）|
B to F-sharp is also a perfect fifth.
（B到升F同样是纯五度）|
A major sixth is made up of nine half steps.
（大六度由九个半音组成）
C to A is a major sixth.
（从C到A就是大六度）|
E-flat to C is also a major sixth.
（降E到C同样也是大六度）|
A major seventh is made up of eleven half steps.
（大七度由十一个半音组成）
C to B is a major seventh.
（从C到B是一个大七度）|
D to C-sharp is also a major seventh.
（从D到升C同样也是大七度）|
Finally, a perfect eighth (or perfect octave) is made up of twelve half steps.
（最后完全八度（八度）是由十二个半音组成）
C to C is a perfect eighth.
（从C到C是一个完全八度）|
The terms “major” and “perfect” refer to the interval's quality.
（“大”、“纯”或“完全”是指的是音程的质量）
Only seconds, thirds, sixths, and sevenths can have a major quality. Firsts, fourths, fifths, and eighths use “perfect” instead.
（只有二度、三度、六度、七度会在音程里有“大”字，而一度、四度、五度、八度则用“完全”或“纯”字）
Next, let's discuss minor intervals.
（接下来我们来看一下“小”的音程）
A minor interval has one less half step than a major interval.
（小音程比大音程要少一个半音）
For example: since C to E is a major third (4 half steps), C to E-flat is a minor third (3 half steps).
（比如：C到E是大三度（四个半音），那么C到降E就是小三度（三个半音））|
E to G is also a minor third (since E to G-sharp is a major third).
（E到G同样也是小三度（E到升G是大三度））|
Since minor intervals transform from major intervals; only seconds, thirds, sixths, and sevenths can be “minor”.
（因为小音程是由大音程转换而来，所以只有二度、三度、六度、七度可以为小音程）
An augmented interval has one more half step than a perfect interval.
（增音程比纯音程要多一个半音）
Since C to F is a perfect fourth (5 half steps), C to F-sharp would be an augmented fourth (6 half steps).
（由于C到F是纯四度（五个半音），那么C到升F就是增四度（六个半音））|
F to B is also an augmented fourth (since F to B-flat is a perfect fourth).
（F到B也是增四度（F到降B是纯四度））|
Major intervals can be augmented by adding a half step.
（在大音程上再加一个半音就可以转换为增音程）
For example, since C to A is a major sixth (9 half steps), C to A-sharp is an augmented sixth (10 half steps).
（比如，C到A是大六度（九个半音），C到升A就是增六度（十个半音））|
D-flat to B is also an augmented 6th (Since D-flat to B-flat is a major sixth).
（降D到B也是增六度（降D到降B是大六度））|
A diminished interval has one less half step than a perfect interval.
（减音程比纯音程小一个半音）
Since C to G is a perfect fifth (7 half steps), C to G-flat would be a diminished fifth (6 half steps).
（因为C到G是纯五度（7个半音），那么C到降G就是减五度（六个半音））|
B to F is also a diminished fifth (since B to F-sharp is a perfect fifth).
（B到F也是减五度（B到升F是纯五度））|
Minor intervals can also be diminished by subtracting a half step.
（将小音程减去一个半音也可以得到减音程）
Recall that C to B is a major seventh (11 half steps) and C to B-flat is a minor seventh (10 half steps).
（前面说C到B是大七度（十一个半音），C到减B是小音程（十个半音））
C to B-double-flat is a diminished seventh (9 half steps).
（C到倍降B就是减七度（九个半音））|
This chart shows the relationship among the different interval qualities.
（这张表上是不同音程的关系）
This chart shows the number of half steps that each specific interval contains.
（这张表上是不同音程包含的半音数量）