Nonharmonic tones (or non-chord tones) are notes that do not belong in a certain chord.
（不谐和音（或非和弦内音）是不属于某一个和弦的音）

In this example, the F is a nonharmonic tone because it does not fit into the I chord (which contains C, E, and G).
（在本例中，I（第一级）和弦中（C、E、G）不包含F这个音，所以F就是不谐和音）

Before discussing the different types of nonharmonic tones, we need to define two terms.
（在学习不谐和音之前，我们需要了解两个定义）

A step is equal to an interval of a generic second.
（级进表示相邻两音相差二度）

A skip is equal to an interval of a generic third or more.
（跃进表示相邻两音相差三度或以上）

A passing tone (PT) is approached by step and then continues by step in the same direction.
（通过音(PT)与上一个和弦内音和下一个和弦内音呈同一方向的级进关系） |

If a passing tone occurs with the second chord (instead of in the middle of the two chords), it is called an accented passing tone (>PT).
（如果通过音出现在第二个和弦里（而不是出现在两个和弦之间），它就叫重音通过音(>PT)） |

A neighboring tone (NT) is approached by step and then returns by step to the original note.
（辅助音（NT）以级进方式连接两个相同的和弦内音） |

If it occurs with the second chord, it is called an accented neighboring tone (>NT).
（如果辅助音出现在第二个和弦里，它就叫重音辅助音(>NT)） |

An anticipation (Ant.) is approached by step and then remains the same. It is basically a note of the second chord played early.
（先现音（Ant）与上一个和弦内音呈级进关系，与下一个和弦内音相同，它是下一个和弦中的某一个音的提前出现） |

Anticipations are not accented.
（先现音不是重音）

An escape tone (ET) is approached by step and then skips in the opposite direction.
（逃脱音（ET）与上一个和弦内音呈级进关系，与下一个和弦内音呈相反方向的跃进关系） |

Escape tones are not accented – they occur in between the two chords.
（逃脱音没有重音，它只能出现在两个和弦之间）

An appoggiatura (App.) is approached by skip and then steps in the opposite direction.
（倚音（App）与上一个和弦内音呈跃进关系，与下一个和弦内音呈相反方向的级进关系） |

Appoggiaturas are accented – they occur with the second chord.
（倚音是重音，它出现在第二个和弦中）

A suspension (Sus.) keeps a note the same and then steps downward.
（延留音（Sus）与上一个和弦内音相同，在经过后向下级进） |

A retardation (Ret.) keeps a note the same and then steps upward.
（延怠音（Ret）与上一个和弦内音相同，在经过后向上级进） |

Both the retardation and suspension are accented.
（延怠音与延留音都是重音）

Finally, changing tones (CT) use two nonharmonic tones in succession.
（最后，多变音（CT）是两个连续使用的不谐和音） |

The first nonharmonic tone is approached by step and then skips in the opposite direction to the second nonharmonic tone.
（第一个不谐和音与上一个和弦内音的关系呈级进，与下一个不谐和音呈反方向的跃进关系）

The second nonharmonic tone then resolves by step.
（第二个不谐和音与下一个和弦内音呈级进关系）

They are sometimes called double neighboring tones or a neighbor group.
（有时，它们被叫做双辅助音或辅助组）

While the named non-harmonic tones discussed in this lesson are the most common, composers may choose to use others.
（本课介绍了最常用的不和谐音，作曲者也同样可以选用其他的不和谐音。）