A phrase is a series of notes that sound complete even when played apart from the main song.
（乐句是可以离开乐曲单独完整地演奏出来的一系列音符）
We will use this musical example to demonstrate phrases.
（我们用例子来演示一下乐句）
Play the first two measures, notice how they sound incomplete.
（演奏前两个小节，它们听起来并不具备完整性） | 
Now play the first four measures, they sounds more complete.
（然后演奏前四个小节，它们听起来更加完整一些） |
These measures could be considered a phrase.
（这些小节就可以被看作是一段乐句）
Play the fifth through eighth measures.
（演奏从第五小节开始到第八小节） |
Due to their completeness, they also form a phrase.
（因为具备了完整性，所以它们也是一段乐句）
A cadence is a two-chord progression that occurs at the end of a phrase.
（终止型是乐句在最后部分出现的两个和弦进行）
If a phrase ends with any chord going to V, a half cadence (HC) occurs.
（如果乐句以向V（第五级）靠拢结尾，那么它就是一个半终止（HC））
Replay the first four measures and notice the sound of the half cadence.
（重新演奏一下前四个小节并且注意听半终止） |
Most people will hear a half cadence as sounding incomplete. Because of this, composers usually will follow half cadences with a phrase ending in an authentic cadence (AC).
（对大多数人来说，半终止听起来并不完整。所以作曲家们通常会在半终止型后面加入一个乐句让它成为正格终止（AC））
An authentic cadence occurs whenever a phrase ends with V or viio going to I (or i if minor).
（当乐句的结尾以从V（第五级大和弦）或viio（第七级减和弦）到I（或i）（第一级大和弦或小和弦）的形式结尾时，就会出现正格终止）
Play this example and notice the sound of both cadences.
（演奏这个例子，留意两种终止型的不同） |
Authentic cadences are often classified as either perfect or imperfect.
（正格终止经常被分为完全终止或不完全终止）
To be considered a perfect authentic cadence (PAC), the cadence must meet three requirements.
（要成为完全终止（PAC），终止型必须要满足三个条件）
First, V must be used rather than viio.
（首先，使用V（第五级大和弦）而不用viio（第七级减和弦））
Second, both chords must be in root position.
（第二，所有和弦都必须在其基本音位）
Finally, the highest note of the I (or i) chord must be the tonic of the scale.
（第三，I（或i）的最高音必须是调式的主音）
An imperfect authentic cadence (IAC) fails to meet these requirements.
（不完全终止（IAC）不满足这些条件）
These authentic cadences are all imperfect due to various reasons.
（这些终止型全都是不完全终止）
In the first example, a viio is used instead of a V.
（第一例中，使用了viio而没有使用V）
In the second example, one of the chords is not in root position.
（第二例中，一个和弦不在其基本音位）
In the third example, the highest note of the I chord is not the tonic of the scale.
（第三例，I的最高音不是调式的主音）
In addition to authentic and half cadences, two other kinds exist.
（除了正格终止和半终止之外，还有两种终止型）
If a phrase ends with IV (or iv) going to I (or i), a plagal cadence (PC) occurs.
（若乐句以从IV（或iv）到I（或i）的方式结尾，它就是变格终止（PC））
Play this example and notice the sound of the plagal cadence.
（演奏这个例子，注意听变格终止） |
If a phrase ends with V going to a chord other than I (or i), a deceptive cadence (DC) occurs.
（若乐句从V到非I（或i）结尾，它是伪终止（DC））
Deceptive cadences are often used in place of an authentic cadence.
（伪终止经常会取代正格终止）
Recall the musical example used at the beginning of this lesson. Let's replace the authentic cadence at the end of the second phrase with a deceptive cadence.
（回到本课一开始的例子，我们用一个伪终止代替结尾的正格终止）
Play the modified example. Notice how the cadence “deceives” you (since you are expecting to hear a I).
（演奏这个更改后的例子，注意听音的趋势（I）被取代） |
Use this chart to reference cadences.
（这张表是本课所学的终止型）