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A scale is a selection of certain notes within an octave. The first scale that we will discuss is the major scale.
(在一個八度內選擇不同的音高可以構成調性,我們先來學習一下大調)
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The first minor scale that will we discuss is natural minor. It is constructed with this formula.
(首先來看自然小調,它是以這個公式建立的)
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Let's build an A Natural Minor Scale. Our starting note will be A.
(我們來建立一個A的自然小調音階,從A開始)
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From A, we take a whole step to B.
(從A開始,向上走一個全音到B)
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Next, we take a half step to C.
(向上一個半音到C)
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From C, a whole step takes us to D.
(從C向上走一個全音到D)
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Another whole step takes us to E.
(再向上走一個全音得到E)
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From E, we go up a half step to F.
(從E向上走一個半音到F)
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From F, a whole step takes us to G.
(從F向上走一個全音到G)
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Finally, the last whole step returns us to A.
(最後向上走一個全音到A)
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A Natural Minor is: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, A.
(所以,A的自然小調音階是A、B、C、D、E、F、G、A)
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Notice that the A Natural Minor Scale has no notes with accidentals.
(注意A的自然小調音階沒有升降音)
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Let's build an G-sharp Natural Minor Scale. Our starting note will be G-sharp.
(我們來建立一個升G的自然小調音階,從升G開始)
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From G-sharp, we take a whole step to A-sharp.
(從升G向上走一個全音到升A)
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Next, we take a half step to B.
(然後向上走一個半音到B)
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From B, a whole step takes us to C-sharp.
(從B向上走一個全音到升C)
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Another whole step takes us to D-sharp.
(再走一個全音到升D)
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From D-sharp, we go up a half step to E.
(從升D向上走一個半音到E)
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From E, a whole step takes us to F-sharp.
(從E向上走一個全音到升F)
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Finally, the last whole step returns us to G-sharp.
(最後向上走一個全音到升G)
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G-sharp Natural Minor is: G-sharp, A-sharp, B, C-sharp, D-sharp, E, F-sharp, G-sharp.
(所以,升G的自然小調音階是:升G、升A、B、升C、升D、E、升F、升G)
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Notice that the G-sharp Natural Minor Scale has five sharps.
(注意G的自然小調音階有五個升音)
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Next, we will construct the C Natural Minor Scale. Our starting note will be C.
(下面我們來建立一個C的自然小調音階,從C開始)
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The whole step takes us to D.
(向上走一個全音到D)
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From D, a half step takes us to E-flat.
(從D向上走一個半音到降E)
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The following whole step takes us to F.
(然後向上走一個全音是F)
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From F, a whole step takes us to G.
(從F向上走一個全音到G)
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The half step from G takes us to A-flat.
(從G向上走一個半音到降A)
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From A-flat, we take a whole step to B-flat.
(從降A向上走一個全音到降B)
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The final whole step returns us to C.
(最後向上走一個全音到C)
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C natural minor is: C, D, E-flat, F, G, A-flat, B-flat.
(所以C的自然小調音階是C、D、降E、F、G、降A、降B)
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Notice that the C Natural Minor Scale has three flats.
(注意C的自然小調音階有三個降音)
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Next, we will discuss harmonic minor.
(接下來我們來看一下和聲小調)
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To convert any natural minor scale into harmonic minor, raise the seventh note by a half step.
(要從任何自然小調轉換為和聲小調只需要將第七個音向上升一個半音即可)
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Let's convert C Natural Minor into C Harmonic Minor.
(我們將C的自然小調轉換成C的和聲小調)
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Simply raise the seventh note (B-flat) by a half step, resulting in B.
(只要把第七個音(降B)向上升半個音,得到B即可)
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C harmonic minor is: C, D, E-flat, F, G, A-flat, B.
(所以,C的和聲小調是C、D、降E、F、G、降A、B)
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Finally, we will discuss melodic minor.
(最後我們來看一下旋律小調)
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To convert a natural minor scale into melodic minor, raise both the sixth and seventh notes by a half step.
(要把任何自然小調轉換成旋律小調只要同時將第六個、第七個音向上升一個半音即可)
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For example, to convert C Natural Minor into C Melodic Minor, simply raise the A-flat and B-flat a half step to A and B.
(舉個例子,降C的自然小調轉換成C的旋律小調時,只要把降A和降B同時向上升一個半音得到A、B即可)
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C melodic minor is: C, D, E-flat, F, G, A, B.
(所以,C的旋律小調是C、D、降E、F、G、A、B)
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Usually, melodic minor is used only when ascending.
(通常,只有在上行時使用旋律小調音階)
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When descending, composers prefer to use the natural minor scale.
(在下行時,作曲家偏向使用自然小調音階)