A phrase is a series of notes that sound complete even when played apart from the main song.
（樂句是可以離開樂曲單獨完整地演奏出來的一系列音符）
We will use this musical example to demonstrate phrases.
（我們用例子來演示一下樂句）
Play the first two measures, notice how they sound incomplete.
（演奏前兩個小節，它們聽起來並不具備完整性） | 
Now play the first four measures, they sounds more complete.
（然後演奏前四個小節，它們聽起來更加完整一些） |
These measures could be considered a phrase.
（這些小節就可以被看作是一段樂句）
Play the fifth through eighth measures.
（演奏從第五小節開始到第八小節） |
Due to their completeness, they also form a phrase.
（因為具備了完整性，所以它們也是一段樂句）
A cadence is a two-chord progression that occurs at the end of a phrase.
（終止型是樂句在最後部分出現的兩個和絃進行）
If a phrase ends with any chord going to V, a half cadence (HC) occurs.
（如果樂句以向V（第五級）靠攏結尾，那麼它就是一個半終止（HC））
Replay the first four measures and notice the sound of the half cadence.
（重新演奏一下前四個小節並且注意聽半終止） |
Most people will hear a half cadence as sounding incomplete. Because of this, composers usually will follow half cadences with a phrase ending in an authentic cadence (AC).
（對大多數人來說，半終止聽起來並不完整。所以作曲家們通常會在半終止型後面加入一個樂句讓它成為正格終止（AC））
An authentic cadence occurs whenever a phrase ends with V or viio going to I (or i if minor).
（當樂句的結尾以從V（第五級大和絃）或viio（第七級減和絃）到I（或i）（第一級大和絃或小和絃）的形式結尾時，就會出現正格終止）
Play this example and notice the sound of both cadences.
（演奏這個例子，留意兩種終止型的不同） |
Authentic cadences are often classified as either perfect or imperfect.
（正格終止經常被分為完全終止或不完全終止）
To be considered a perfect authentic cadence (PAC), the cadence must meet three requirements.
（要成為完全終止（PAC），終止型必須要滿足三個條件）
First, V must be used rather than viio.
（首先，使用V（第五級大和絃）而不用viio（第七級減和絃））
Second, both chords must be in root position.
（第二，所有和絃都必須在其基本音位）
Finally, the highest note of the I (or i) chord must be the tonic of the scale.
（第三，I（或i）的最高音必須是調式的主音）
An imperfect authentic cadence (IAC) fails to meet these requirements.
（不完全終止（IAC）不滿足這些條件）
These authentic cadences are all imperfect due to various reasons.
（這些終止型全都是不完全終止）
In the first example, a viio is used instead of a V.
（第一例中，使用了viio而沒有使用V）
In the second example, one of the chords is not in root position.
（第二例中，一個和絃不在其基本音位）
In the third example, the highest note of the I chord is not the tonic of the scale.
（第三例，I的最高音不是調式的主音）
In addition to authentic and half cadences, two other kinds exist.
（除了正格終止和半終止之外，還有兩種終止型）
If a phrase ends with IV (or iv) going to I (or i), a plagal cadence (PC) occurs.
（若樂句以從IV（或iv）到I（或i）的方式結尾，它就是變格終止（PC））
Play this example and notice the sound of the plagal cadence.
（演奏這個例子，注意聽變格終止） |
If a phrase ends with V going to a chord other than I (or i), a deceptive cadence (DC) occurs.
（若樂句從V到非I（或i）結尾，它是偽終止（DC））
Deceptive cadences are often used in place of an authentic cadence.
（偽終止經常會取代正格終止）
Recall the musical example used at the beginning of this lesson. Let's replace the authentic cadence at the end of the second phrase with a deceptive cadence.
（回到本課一開始的例子，我們用一個偽終止代替結尾的正格終止）
Play the modified example. Notice how the cadence “deceives” you (since you are expecting to hear a I).
（演奏這個更改後的例子，注意聽音的趨勢（I）被取代） |
Use this chart to reference cadences.
（這張表是本課所學的終止型）